What are the early symptoms of ovarian cysts and how to check them?

What are the early symptoms of ovarian cysts? How to check them?

The ovaries are the place where the eggs develop, mature and are discharged. The follicles at different stages are in the ovarian cortex. If the ovaries are damaged, the development, maturation and discharge of the eggs will be impaired, which will cause infertility. Some ovarian cysts with endocrine functions, such as ovarian thyroid tumors, ovarian granulosa-theca tumors, testicular blastomas, etc., may produce certain corresponding hormones due to the different tumor tissue components they contain, thereby affecting the normal secretion of ovarian hormones and ovulation, resulting in amenorrhea, uterine bleeding, hirsutism and infertility.

Tests for ovarian cysts include:

1. Radiological examination

Abdominal plain film examination is a commonly used examination method. For dermoid cysts, it can show the teeth and bone veins. Pyelosalpingography can understand whether the fallopian tube is displaced, compressed and infarcted, and distinguish between wandering kidney and retroperitoneal tumor. Barium enema can help with giant ovarian tumors, tuberculous peritonitis and ascites, and understand the entire gastrointestinal tract. Pelvic lymph node angiography can observe whether ovarian malignant tumors have lymph node metastasis. CT scan can supplement the lesions that B-ultrasound cannot indicate.

2. Laparoscopy

It can directly see the size and nature of pelvic tumors, and is used for the diagnosis and follow-up of ovarian cancer patients. It is one of the routine examination methods for early detection of cancer recurrence. However, due to the complexity of the examination method and many contraindications, it is not widely used at present.

3. Cytological examination

The ovaries are located in the pelvic cavity, and the exfoliated cells accumulate in the rectouterine pouch. Aspiration of ascites by posterior fornix puncture for cytology can help confirm the diagnosis, especially for stage I patients, and is of certain significance for further staging and treatment. Patients suspected of having granulosa cell carcinoma can also undergo vaginal cytology to determine estrogen levels.