What are the causes of dysmenorrhea?

What are the causes of dysmenorrhea?

Dysmenorrhea may be caused by elevated prostaglandins, uterine hypoplasia, endometriosis, adenomyosis, cervical adhesions and stenosis.

1. Increased prostaglandins:

During menstruation, the endometrium produces a hormone called prostaglandins. The increase in prostaglandins causes excessive contraction of the uterus, and vasospasm can cause uterine ischemia and hypoxia, followed by dysmenorrhea. This is a normal phenomenon.

2. Uterine hypoplasia:

When the uterus is underdeveloped, the ratio of uterine muscle to fibrous tissue is unbalanced, resulting in uncoordinated contractions, which can cause dysmenorrhea.

3. Endometriosis

It refers to the growth of endometrial tissue outside the uterine cavity. During menstruation, ectopic endometrium will also bleed, irritating the nerves of the uterus and pelvic peritoneum, causing pain symptoms.

4. Adenomyosis:

The endometrium invades the muscle tissue of the uterine wall. Under the influence of ovarian hormones, the ectopic endometrium becomes congested, swollen, and bleeds, causing the uterine muscle layer to expand and cause dysmenorrhea.

5. Cervical adhesion and stenosis:

Surgical injuries or congenital uterine abnormalities can cause cervical adhesions and stenosis, resulting in poor menstrual blood discharge, uterine contractions, and dysmenorrhea.

If dysmenorrhea is severe, you need to seek medical attention promptly and do not delay the treatment.