Advances in diagnosis and treatment of bacterial vaginosis

Bacterial vaginosis was once named Haemophilus vaginitis, Gardnerella vaginitis, and nonspecific vaginitis, and is now called bacterial vaginosis. It is called bacterial because there are a large number of different bacteria in the vagina, and it is called vaginosis because the clinical and pathological characteristics do not have inflammatory changes and are not vaginitis. So, what is the progress in the diagnosis and treatment of bacterial vaginosis?

If 3 of the following 4 items are positive, bacterial vaginosis can be clinically diagnosed.

1. Homogeneous and thin vaginal discharge.

2. Vaginal opening H>45 (pH is mostly 505.5).

3. Amine odor test positive Take a small amount of vaginal secretions and place them on a glass slide. Add 12 drops of potassium hydroxide. If a rotten fish-like odor is produced, it is positive.

4. Clue cells (due cells) Take a small amount of secretion and place it on a glass slide, add a drop of physiological saline and mix it. Place it under a high-power microscope to see >20% clue cells. Clue cells are the surface cells that fall off the vagina. A large number of granular substances, namely Gardnerella, are attached to the edge of the cells. The edge of the cell is unclear.

When sampling, care should be taken to obtain secretions from the side walls of the vagina, and not from the cervical canal or posterior fornix.

In addition, the diagnostic criteria of Gram staining can be referred to, which is that under each high-power microscope, there are less than 5 typical lactobacilli and ≥ 6 bacteria of two or more other morphologies (small Gram-negative rods, arcus rods or positive cocci).