What complications can cervicitis cause?

If cervicitis is not treated in time, it may lead to serious complications such as pelvic inflammatory disease, infertility and cervical cancer. Cervicitis is a common gynecological disease in women, usually caused by infection, hormonal imbalance or mechanical injury, and requires targeted treatment according to the cause.

1. Pelvic inflammatory disease

If cervicitis is not treated in time, the inflammation may spread to the pelvic cavity and cause pelvic inflammatory disease. Pelvic inflammatory disease can cause symptoms such as lower abdominal pain, fever, and abnormal vaginal discharge. In severe cases, it may cause adhesion or blockage of the fallopian tubes, increasing the risk of infertility. Treatment of pelvic inflammatory disease usually requires the use of antibiotics, such as cephalosporins, metronidazole, etc., combined with physical therapy such as hot compresses or infrared irradiation.

2. Infertility

The inflammation caused by cervicitis may affect the secretion of cervical mucus, hinder the passage of sperm, and reduce the chance of pregnancy. Inflammation may also spread to the fallopian tubes, causing blockage or abnormal function of the fallopian tubes. For infertile patients, it is necessary to use salpingography or hysteroscopy to determine the cause of the disease, and if necessary, perform fallopian tube unblocking surgery or assisted reproductive technology.

3. Cervical cancer

Long-term chronic cervicitis, especially cervicitis caused by high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, may develop into cervical precancerous lesions or even cervical cancer. Regular cervical cytology (TCT) and HPV testing are key to preventing cervical cancer. For confirmed cervical precancerous lesions, cervical conization, cryotherapy or laser therapy can be used.

The key to preventing cervicitis is to maintain good personal hygiene habits, avoid unclean sexual behavior, and undergo regular gynecological examinations. For patients with confirmed cervicitis, they should follow the doctor's advice and receive standardized treatment to avoid worsening of the disease. Through early intervention and scientific management, the risk of complications can be effectively reduced and women's reproductive health can be maintained.