What is adolescent functional uterine bleeding? What are the main clinical manifestations of adolescent functional uterine bleeding?

Adolescent functional uterine bleeding refers to anovulatory uterine bleeding caused by neuroendocrine disorders during adolescence. This disease is common in adolescent women within a few years after menarche, especially in female students. After menarche, the regulation relationship of the hypothalamus-pituitary-ovarian axis is unstable and easily affected by various internal and external environments, such as strenuous activities, mental stress or diseases. The main clinical manifestations are heavy vaginal bleeding, prolonged cycles, continuous bleeding and secondary severe anemia.

1. Psychological guidance: Most adolescent girls suffer from functional uterine bleeding, which is often heavy or lasts for a long time. Because they do not understand the disease, patients think it is unstable menstruation and delay the treatment, which makes the disease worse. Some are afraid of missing classes and affecting their studies, so they delay the treatment, which leads to worsening of the disease and seriously affects the physical and mental development of adolescent girls. Therefore, while taking drug treatment, it is necessary to cooperate with necessary health education and psychological care to eliminate the influence of adverse psychological factors. Talk with patients more during treatment and encourage them to express their thoughts and concerns.

We patiently enlighten patients according to different situations, increase their sense of trust, help them correctly understand the disease, use popular and understandable language according to their different cultural levels, introduce the causes, processes, treatment methods, prognosis and importance of follow-up of functional uterine bleeding, eliminate patients' shyness, anxiety, fear and other psychological problems caused by lack of knowledge about the disease, and keep them in a positive, optimistic and cooperative state.

2 Physiological and health guidance: The hypothalamus is immature during adolescence, and various factors affect the normal establishment of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis. The triggering factors, such as excessive mental stress, changes in environment and climate, excessive fatigue, malnutrition or metabolic disorders, interfere with the mutual regulation and restriction of the physiological axis through the neurotransmitters in the cerebral cortex, making the unhealthy axis more disordered and leading to repeated attacks of the disease.

Hygiene guidance: ① Guide patients to develop good hygiene habits, especially during the menstrual period, to combine study and exercise, try to avoid emotional tension and overwork, and do a good job of self-hygiene care. ② Make patients understand that environmental changes, emotional fluctuations, cold stimulation or excessive labor and activities can cause menstrual cycle disorders. If not treated in time, it is easy to affect health. ③ Guide patients to pay attention to hygiene during menstruation, pay attention to the cleanliness of the vulva, and wash and change underwear frequently to prevent infection. Pay attention to keeping warm and avoid cold stimulation. Keep a happy spirit and avoid mental stimulation. Do not engage in strenuous physical activities, and walks and other activities are appropriate.

3 Family guidance: Guide parents to correctly understand the disease, understand the nature of the disease, pay attention to the disease, and achieve early detection and early treatment. Tell parents to let girls understand physiological menstruation knowledge and menstrual cycle before menarche. Once abnormal menstruation occurs, they should seek medical treatment in time and never delay the disease. Let parents and patients understand the treatment methods and precautions, and insist on follow-up to completely cure. Because adolescent functional uterine bleeding is mainly anovulatory functional uterine bleeding, the recovery of ovulation function does not mean that ovulation will occur every month after one ovulation. Ovulation often occurs occasionally, so follow-up is very important.

4 Dietary guidance: adolescent patients with functional uterine bleeding have long bleeding time and large amount of bleeding. Most patients are accompanied by anemia, and severe cases will affect physical development. Anemia is a serious symptom of this disease, and correcting anemia is crucial. While taking medicine, strengthening nutrition and dietary treatment play a key role.

① Protein: Mainly high-quality protein, eat more animal foods and soy products, such as animal offal, tofu and other foods.

② Calories: Calories come from sugar, protein and fat consumed from food every day.

③Intake of vitamins and minerals: Ensure adequate intake of fresh fruits and vegetables to meet the needs of growth and development and to replenish the energy consumed by intense mental and physical activities.

④ Anemia caused by functional uterine bleeding is mainly iron deficiency anemia. You can supplement your iron needs by eating more animal offal. When taking iron supplements, take them after meals and avoid drinking them with tea.