What is the pathogenesis of ovarian cysts?

What is an ovarian cyst and what is its pathogenesis?

Ovarian cysts refer to cystic masses on the ovaries. Ovarian cysts are a type of ovarian tumor. Ovarian cysts can be benign or malignant. Therefore, after being diagnosed with ovarian cysts, the first thing to do is to confirm whether it is benign or malignant.

The pathogenesis is as follows:

1. Functional ovarian cysts: They are usually produced and disappeared with the periodic changes of the ovaries, abnormal function of the hypothalamus-pituitary-ovarian axis, endocrine disorders in the body, and ovulation causes continuous damage and repair of the ovarian surface epithelium, which can increase the chance of inclusion cyst formation.

2. Non-functional ovarian cysts: Continuous ovulation increases the possibility of mutation of ovarian epithelial cells during the process of damage and repair of the ovarian epithelium. Failure to produce and infertility are risk factors for ovarian cancer, while multiple pregnancies, breastfeeding and oral contraceptives have a protective effect. Similarly, the use of ovulation-inducing drugs can increase the risk of ovarian tumors.

3. Ovarian chocolate cyst: There are several theories about the occurrence of this disease: implantation theory, retrograde menstruation, during menstruation, endometrial glandular epithelial and stromal cells can flow back with menstrual blood, enter the abdominal cavity through the fallopian tubes, implant in the ovaries and pelvic peritoneum, grow there, spread through the lymphatics and veins, and cause iatrogenic implantation; coelomic metaplasia theory, immune theory, the body's immunity is low, and the ability to clear active endometrial cells in the pelvic cavity is reduced, thus leading to the development of endometriosis.