The cause of bilateral obstruction of fallopian tubes

The fallopian tube is not smooth. The fallopian tube is a pair of trumpet-shaped curved long tubes, one on each side, about 8-15 cm long. According to its shape, it can be divided into four parts.

(1) Stroma or uterus: a narrow and short part of the uterine wall.

(2) Isthmus: The outer part is interstitial, with a narrow lumen and a length of about 3 to 6 cm.

(3) Liver: Outside the isthmus, the cavity is relatively wide, about 5 to 8 cm long.

(4) Funnel or umbrella: The end of the fallopian tube, opening in the abdominal cavity, the free end shows a funnel with a large amount of fibrous tissue, which plays the role of "picking up eggs".

The main cause of obstruction or dysfunction is acute and chronic tubal inflammation. Tubal inflammation can be divided into tubal mucositis and peritubal inflammation, both of which are common causes of tubal obstruction. Severe tubal mucosal inflammation can cause complete obstruction of the lumen, leading to infertility. In mild cases, although the lumen is not completely blocked, adhesions are formed by mucosal folds, which narrow the lumen, or cilia defects affect the normal operation of the fertilized oocyte in the fallopian tube, which is blocked midway, thus implanting and causing ectopic pregnancy. Periostitis lesions mainly occur in the serous layer of the fallopian tube, often causing adhesions around the fallopian tube, deformation of the fallopian tube, stenosis of the lumen, weakened peristalsis of the tube wall muscles, and affecting the operation of the fertilized egg. Salpingitis caused by gonococci and Chlamydia trachomatis often involves the mucosa, while infection after abortion or delivery often causes proximal egg conduction block or obstruction or periostitis. Nodular salpingitis is a serious lesion, which often causes infertility after recovery, and occasionally pregnancy, accounting for about 1/3 of tubal pregnancy. Nodular salpingitis is a special type of salpingitis. The lesion is caused by the extension of the tubal mucosal epithelial diverticulum to the isthmus muscle wall, the proliferation of muscle wall nodules, the thickening of the proximal muscle layer of the fallopian tube, affecting its peristaltic function, and causing the fallopian tube to be unfree. Salpingitis can also be secondary to inflammation of the organs or tissues around the fallopian tube, especially in the formation of adhesions in the fallopian tube umbrella or ovarian inflammation, so part of the fallopian tube umbrella is blocked, and even the egg and sperm cannot be discharged into the fallopian tube, encountering infertility. Therefore, patients with adnexitis, purulent appendicitis, tuberculous peritonitis, tuberculosis, endometriosis, incomplete abortion, fever, abdominal pain and puerperal infection after medical abortion and artificial abortion, gonorrhea and other sexually transmitted diseases, and patients with fallopian tube malformations may cause fallopian tube passage.