How is endometrial tuberculosis transmitted?

What are the transmission routes of endometrial tuberculosis? This is what everyone is more concerned about. Only by understanding the cause of endometrial tuberculosis can we help everyone correctly diagnose and treat this disease. So what is the cause of endometrial tuberculosis? The following is a professional answer given by experts.

Endometrial tuberculosis is usually caused by the spread of fallopian tube tuberculosis. When tuberculosis bacteria infect the body, the disease usually does not occur immediately, but after a period of incubation. During the incubation period, when the body's resistance is poor, tuberculosis bacteria can invade the endometrium and eventually affect the basal layer of the endometrium.

Endometrial tuberculosis is often secondary to pulmonary tuberculosis, renal tuberculosis, gastrointestinal tuberculosis, bone or joint tuberculosis, etc. Occasionally, it can also be part of systemic miliary tuberculosis. Infectious diseases of the female reproductive organs caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis often first invade the fallopian tubes, then gradually invade the endometrium and ovaries, and rarely involve the cervix, vagina and vulva.

Female genital tuberculosis first infects the fallopian tubes and then gradually spreads to the endometrium, ovaries, cervix, etc. Due to the periodic shedding of the endometrium, the endometrial tuberculosis lesions are discharged. The lesions are mostly confined to the endometrium, presenting as scattered miliary nodules in the early stages. In very rare severe cases, the lesions invade the myometrium. The uterus is normal or slightly smaller in size, and there is no abnormality in appearance.

Tuberculous nodules can be seen under the microscope of the scraped endometrium, and caseous necrosis may occur in severe cases. A typical tuberculous nodule has 1 to 2 giant cells in the center, arranged in a horseshoe shape, surrounded by epithelial-like cells, and infiltrated on the outside with a large number of lymphocytes and plasma cells. The characteristic of endometrial tuberculous nodules is that the glands around the tuberculous nodules are insensitive to ovarian hormones, showing persistent hyperplasia or hyposecretion. Severe endometrial tuberculosis may cause caseous necrosis and superficial ulcers, resulting in most or all of the endometrium being destroyed, and scars may form later. The endometrium loses all its functions and amenorrhea occurs.