What methods are needed to diagnose cervical warts?

Today's life is very different from that of fifty years ago. In the past, people lived in a life pattern of working from sunrise to sunset, and there were not too many entertainment activities in life. Compared with the past, cities are now more noisy, with a prosperous scene during the day and more diverse nightlife. However, this situation has also led to the emergence of many diseases, such as cervical warts, which is a sexually transmitted disease. After being infected, many patients want to know how to diagnose cervical warts?

1. Clinical manifestations of cervical warts:

During the inspection, the lesion distribution, shape, size, color, surface condition, etc. should be carefully observed. The characteristic lesions of cervical condyloma are typical cauliflower-shaped lesions, which are bright red, light red or a few are dirty gray. The lesion tissue is brittle and easily bleeds after wiping. Even for non-characteristic lesions, the lesion surface is mostly wart-like, rough or granular.

2. Common sites of cervical warts:

The most common sites for cervical warts are the male and female external genitalia and anus. In addition to these sites, cervical warts in some special sites such as the mouth and throat should be paid attention to in special populations.

3. Acetic acid white test:

If you suspect you have cervical warts, you can do an acetic acid white test. Apply 3% to 5% glacial acetic acid or household white vinegar directly and identify it after 3 to 5 minutes. If the test is positive and similar erosions can be seen in a biopsy; the test results are bright red in the middle and slowly turns to brown, while the color around it gradually becomes lighter.

4. Immunohistological examination:

The peroxidase antiperoxidase method (PAP) is commonly used to show viral proteins in condylomata, to prove the presence of viral antigens in warts. When HPV protein is positive, a weak red positive reaction may appear in the superficial epithelial cells of cervical condylomata.

5. Pathological biopsy:

Microscopically, papilloma-like hyperplasia, thickening of the stratum spinosum, and red vacuolated cells in the upper stratum spinosum and stratum granulosum are seen. These vacuolated cells are larger than solid cells, with condensed nuclei and an osmotic halo in the nuclear environment. The blood vessels in the dermis are dilated.

6. Cytological examination: Take the whole smear of the wart structure in the vagina, cervix and other parts, and do Papanicolaou staining. Two types of cells can be seen in the smear. One type of cell has a halo in the nuclear environment, which occupies a large single-sided fragment of the cytoplasm, and the cytoplasm is connected to the edge in a concentrated state. This type of cell is called a vacuolated cell, which originates from the shallow squamous epithelial cells; the other type of cell is called a keratinized malignant cell, which can be isolated alone or in piles, with orange-red to light yellow cytoplasm and small and delicate nucleus. These two types of cells can often coexist in the smear of cervical warts.

Cervical warts are a difficult disease to cure. When you experience related discomfort, you should go to the hospital for examination and diagnosis in time. This is the safest way. If you are unfortunately diagnosed, don't panic. Go to a professional hospital for treatment as soon as possible. With the help of a doctor, you will definitely be able to recover soon.