What is the pathological knowledge of menopause?

Menopause is usually the permanent cessation of physiological menstruation, or the permanent loss of the ovarian function of synthesizing estrogen caused by breast cancer treatment. Its essence is the complete and permanent failure of ovarian function. So, what is the common sense of pathology of menopause? Next, let's introduce the common sense of pathology of menopause.

Menopause in women refers to the decline of ovarian function and the cessation of menstruation. Menopause can be divided into natural menopause and artificial menopause. Natural menopause refers to the exhaustion of ovarian follicles, or the loss of response of the remaining follicles to gonadotropin. The follicles no longer develop and secrete estrogen, and cannot stimulate the growth of the endometrium, leading to menopause. Artificial menopause refers to surgical removal of both ovaries or other methods to stop ovarian function, such as radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Removal of the uterus alone while retaining one or both ovaries is not considered artificial menopause.

Menopause means the cessation of menstruation, but there are often changes in the menstrual cycle and menstrual volume during the perimenopause period, which is manifested by a shortened menstrual cycle, mainly a shortening of the follicular phase, anovulation and increased menstrual volume. Many people experience an extended cycle of 2 to 3 months or longer, with normal menstrual period and blood volume. A few people experience a loss of menstrual cycle, irregular vaginal bleeding, increased menstrual volume, and even secondary anemia.

Hot flashes and sweating are the most important and specific symptoms of menopausal women, which can last for more than 5 years. They are manifested by bursts of fever, starting from the chest, rushing to the head and neck, and can spread to the whole body, followed by sudden sweating, accompanied by dizziness, palpitations, and fatigue, which can last from tens of seconds to several minutes. When hot flashes occur, although there is blood vessel dilation, there is no change in blood pressure. Hot flashes are often a sign of ovarian failure.