How to diagnose endometriosis

The diagnosis of endometriosis requires comprehensive evaluation through imaging, laboratory tests, and surgical sampling, and a comprehensive diagnosis based on the patient's symptoms and medical history. Specific methods include ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and laparoscopy.

1Ultrasound examination

Ultrasound is a common method for screening endometriosis, especially for identifying chocolate cysts in the ovaries. Transvaginal ultrasound is more suitable for evaluating endometriosis because it is closer to the pelvic tissue. Ultrasound can not only help find ovarian lesions, but also observe the position of the uterus and the presence of related lesions such as adenomyosis. However, ultrasound has low sensitivity for early or small lesions.

2 Magnetic resonance imaging MRI

MRI is a more accurate imaging modality that is suitable for the evaluation of complex situations. MRI can show in detail the location, size, and extent of lesions in the pelvic organs and surrounding areas. MRI has important diagnostic value for patients who are suspected of endometriosis infiltration of deeper structures such as the intestine and bladder, or who need to evaluate surgical planning. Compared with ultrasound, MRI has higher resolution of soft tissues, but is more expensive and is often used for supplemental evaluation.

3. Laparoscopy

Laparoscopy is the "gold standard" for the diagnosis of endometriosis. Through laparoscopes, doctors can not only clearly see the area and location of the lesions, but can also directly perform tissue biopsies to further confirm the type and severity of endometriosis. Laparoscopy can also perform treatments at the same time, such as removing lesions and unblocking fallopian tubes, which can help relieve symptoms and improve fertility. However, it should be noted that laparoscopy is a minimally invasive surgery that needs to be performed under anesthesia and has certain surgical risks.

4 Laboratory tests

Blood tests for tumor markers such as CA125 and CA19-9 may provide auxiliary information for diagnosis. CA125 levels are often elevated in patients with endometriosis, but their specificity is insufficient and cannot be used as a single diagnostic tool. More importantly, these indicators are often used to monitor the condition and risk of recurrence.

The diagnosis of endometriosis requires a comprehensive evaluation of imaging examinations and clinical manifestations, and laparoscopy is the main basis for the final diagnosis. If you suspect you have this disease, it is recommended to seek medical attention in a timely manner, receive professional evaluation, and formulate a treatment plan based on the specific situation after a clear diagnosis, so as to improve your quality of life and fertility expectations.