What are the causes of functional uterine bleeding?

The main causes of functional uterine bleeding include endocrine disorders, abnormal uterine structure, coagulation dysfunction, etc. Treatment methods include drug therapy, surgical treatment and lifestyle adjustments.

1. Endocrine disorders are a common cause of functional uterine bleeding. An imbalance in hormone levels in women, especially an imbalance in the ratio of estrogen and progesterone, may lead to abnormal proliferation or shedding of the endometrium, thus causing bleeding. Diseases such as polycystic ovary syndrome and thyroid dysfunction may also affect hormone secretion. For endocrine disorders, doctors often prescribe hormone drugs, such as oral contraceptives and progesterone preparations, to help regulate hormone levels. In life, maintaining a regular schedule and avoiding excessive stress can help improve endocrine status.

2. Abnormal uterine structure is also an important cause of functional uterine bleeding. Lesions such as uterine fibroids and endometrial polyps may cause uneven endometrial surface and increase the risk of bleeding. In such cases, the doctor may recommend hysteroscopy to determine the location and nature of the lesion. Treatment methods include surgical removal of fibroids or polyps, such as hysteroscopic transurethral resection and uterine artery embolization. Regular follow-up is required after surgery to prevent recurrence.

3. Coagulation disorders may also lead to functional uterine bleeding. Certain blood diseases, such as thrombocytopenia and hemophilia, can affect blood coagulation function and lead to increased bleeding during menstruation. For coagulation disorders, the focus of treatment is to improve coagulation function, such as using hemostatic drugs and platelet transfusions. At the same time, patients need to avoid the use of anticoagulants, such as aspirin, to reduce the risk of bleeding.

The treatment of functional uterine bleeding requires a personalized plan based on the specific cause. Drug treatment commonly uses hormone drugs and hemostatic drugs; surgical treatment includes hysteroscopy, uterine artery embolization, etc.; lifestyle conditioning emphasizes regular work and rest and a balanced diet. Patients should seek medical treatment in a timely manner, identify the cause, take targeted treatment, and pay attention to daily care to improve symptoms and prevent recurrence.