What are the symptoms of hydatidiform mole during pregnancy

Molar pregnancy is an abnormal pregnancy state, the main symptoms include vaginal bleeding, severe nausea and vomiting, abnormal uterine enlargement, etc. Its occurrence is related to genetic, environmental, physiological and other factors, and requires timely medical treatment.

1. Genetic factors

The occurrence of hydatidiform mole may be related to genetic abnormalities, such as chromosomal abnormalities that lead to abnormal development of the fertilized egg. Some patients have a family genetic tendency, especially complete hydatidiform mole, whose chromosomes come entirely from the father and lack maternal chromosomes. For women with a family history, genetic counseling and testing are recommended before pregnancy.

2. Environmental factors

Long-term exposure to harmful chemicals, radiation, or living in a heavily polluted environment may increase the risk of hydatidiform mole. Bad habits such as smoking and drinking can also affect the normal development of the embryo. During pregnancy preparation, you should avoid exposure to harmful substances and maintain a healthy lifestyle.

3. Physiological factors

Age is an important influencing factor. The incidence of hydatidiform mole is higher when women under 20 or over 40 are pregnant. Women with multiple miscarriages or a history of hydatidiform mole should also pay special attention. Regular prenatal checkups and early screening can help detect abnormalities in a timely manner.

4. Pathological manifestations

There are two types of hydatidiform mole: complete and partial. Complete hydatidiform mole is characterized by villous edema and no fetal tissue; partial hydatidiform mole may be accompanied by fetal tissue, but with abnormal development. Symptoms include irregular vaginal bleeding, severe pregnancy reactions, and rapid enlargement of the uterus. Ultrasound examination and blood HCG level detection are the main diagnostic methods.

5. Treatment methods

Once a molar pregnancy is diagnosed, treatment is needed immediately. Surgical evacuation of the uterus is the first choice, in which the abnormal tissue is removed by suction. Blood HCG levels should be monitored regularly after surgery to ensure complete removal. For malignant moles or persistent moles, chemotherapy drugs such as methotrexate or actinomycin D may be needed. In rare cases, a hysterectomy is required.

6. Diet and conditioning

During the postoperative recovery period, the diet should be light and easy to digest, such as millet porridge, steamed eggs, etc., and spicy and irritating foods should be avoided. Supplementing with foods rich in vitamins and proteins, such as lean meat, fish, fresh vegetables and fruits, in moderation will help the body recover.

7. Psychological support

Hydatidiform mole has a great psychological impact on patients and may cause anxiety, depression and other emotions. Family members should give full understanding and support, and seek professional psychological counseling when necessary to help patients adjust their mentality and actively face subsequent treatment and pregnancy preparation plans.

Molar pregnancy is a pregnancy abnormality that requires great attention. Early detection and treatment are essential. Through scientific medical means and a healthy lifestyle, patients can gradually recover their health and prepare for future pregnancies.