Etiology and pathogenesis of gynecological amenorrhea

The etiology and pathogenesis of gynecological amenorrhea are complex and may be related to genetic, environmental, physiological, traumatic and pathological factors. Treatment should be based on the specific cause, including medication, surgery or lifestyle adjustments.

1. Genetic factors

Amenorrhea in some women may be related to genetics, such as chromosomal abnormalities such as Turner syndrome. Such conditions are usually accompanied by other developmental problems and require genetic testing for diagnosis. In terms of treatment, hormone replacement therapy is a common choice, such as the combined use of estrogen and progesterone to help restore the menstrual cycle.

2. Environmental factors

External factors such as long-term stress, excessive dieting, and environmental pollution may interfere with the endocrine system and lead to amenorrhea. For example, excessive weight loss may lead to low body weight and affect the function of the hypothalamus-pituitary-ovarian axis. It is recommended to improve through psychological counseling, a balanced diet such as increasing protein and healthy fat intake, and moderate exercise such as yoga and walking.

3. Physiological factors

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common physiological cause of amenorrhea, characterized by elevated androgen levels and ovulation disorders. Treatment includes oral contraceptives to regulate hormones, metformin to improve insulin resistance, and lifestyle interventions such as a low-sugar diet and regular exercise.

4. Traumatic factors

Pelvic surgery, radiation therapy, or severe trauma may damage ovarian function and lead to amenorrhea. In such cases, imaging examinations are needed to assess the extent of the damage. For treatment, ovulation-inducing drugs or assisted reproductive technology, such as in vitro fertilization, can be tried.

5. Pathological factors

Diseases such as thyroid dysfunction and pituitary tumors may cause amenorrhea. For example, hypothyroidism affects systemic metabolism and thus interferes with the menstrual cycle. Treatment should be targeted at the underlying disease, such as thyroid hormone replacement therapy or surgical removal of a pituitary tumor.

Gynecological amenorrhea has a variety of causes, and a detailed examination is required to confirm the diagnosis. Treatment should be based on the cause, including medication, surgery, or lifestyle adjustments. Early intervention can help restore the menstrual cycle and improve the quality of life. If symptoms of amenorrhea occur, it is recommended to see a doctor as soon as possible to avoid delaying treatment.