Is menstruation normal in adenomyosis?

Adenomyosis can easily cause pelvic adhesions. There is an implantation theory about the cause of adenomyosis. So, is the menstruation of adenomyosis normal?

Patients with adenomyosis often experience increased menstrual flow and prolonged menstrual periods, which may be due to increased endometrium, but are often accompanied by ovarian dysfunction.

Dysmenorrhea is the most typical symptom of adenomyosis. It is secondary and progressively worsens. It often starts 1 to 2 days before menstruation, is most severe on the first day of menstruation, and gradually eases until it disappears when menstruation is over. In severe stages, the pain is unbearable, and even increased doses of analgesics are ineffective. Those with adenomyosis to the bladder will experience periodic frequent urination, dysuria, and hematuria. Adenomyosis of the abdominal wall scar and umbilicus will cause periodic local lumps and pain.

The serosal theory, also known as the metaplastic theory, believes that ovarian and pelvic adenomyosis is derived from the metaplasia of the peritoneal mesothelial cell layer. The paramesonephric duct develops from the primitive peritoneal invagination, and the germinal epithelium of the ovary, the pelvic peritoneum, the closed peritoneal invagination, such as the inguinal peritoneal ductus vaginalis, the rectovaginal septum, and the umbilicus, are all differentiated from the coelomic epithelium. All tissues that originate from the coelomic epithelium have the potential to transform into tissues that are almost indistinguishable from the endometrium. Therefore, peritoneal mesothelial cells may be easily metaplastic and develop adenomyosis under the stimulation of mechanical factors including fallopian tube ventilation, retroverted uterus, cervical obstruction, inflammation, ectopic pregnancy, etc.

The harm of adenomyosis is very serious. Once suffering from this disease, the author recommends that patients go to a specialized hospital for diagnosis and treatment as soon as possible.