What is the cause of adenomyosis?

What is the cause of adenomyosis?

① Related to genetics; ② Injury, such as curettage and cesarean section; ③ Hyperestrogenemia; ④ Viral infection. Among them, the relationship between hyperestrogenemia and adenomyosis is particularly noteworthy.

Experiments and studies have shown that estrogen or progesterone plus prolactin may be necessary for the development of adenomyosis; bromocriptine may block the development of adenomyosis. More recent studies suggest that both the eutopic endometrium and the ectopic endometrium of women with adenomyosis synthesize estrogen, which may affect the growth of adenomyosis.

A small number of endometrium grow locally in the myometrium to form nodules or masses, similar to intramural fibroids of the uterus, called adenomyomas.

Serial biopsies of the uterus removed for other diseases show that 10% to 30% contain endometrial tissue in the myometrium, so there is still some controversy about the exact invasion depth of adenomyosis.

The lesions showed interlaced thick muscle fiber bands and fiber bands with dark red hemorrhagic spots or small areas. Very few polypoid endometrium could protrude into the serosa. Endometrial glands and stroma could be seen in tissue sections.