What tests should be done before surgery for cervical precancerous lesions?

The cause of cervical precancerous lesions is still unclear. Clinically, the incidence rate is higher in women who marry early and have children early. Early cervical precancerous lesions do not have any symptoms. When the disease progresses to the later stage, patients will experience abnormal vaginal bleeding. Currently, the treatment rate of middle and late stage cervical precancerous lesions is very low. As a woman, in addition to keeping yourself clean, you must also be vigilant and seek medical attention in time if you find any symptoms.

1. Biopsy of the cervix and endocervical canal

It is one of the most reliable and essential tests for diagnosing cervical precancerous lesions and precancerous lesions. Samples are collected at multiple points such as 3, 6, 9, and 12 o'clock at the junction of the squamous-columnar epithelium of the subject's cervix. In order to improve the accuracy of sampling, biopsy can be performed under the guidance of iodine test or colposcopy.

Iodine test: Apply iodine solution on the cervix and vagina. The normal cervical and vaginal squamous epithelium will be stained brown or dark reddish brown. The unstained area is the danger area and biopsy should be taken from this area.

Colposcopy: It can observe whether there are abnormal cells and changes in the direction of blood vessels on the surface of the cervix, and take biopsies from suspicious areas. If the cytology examination is suspicious but the cervical biopsy is negative, a small scraper should be used to scrape the endocervical canal for biopsy.

2. Imaging and endoscopy

B-ultrasound, CT, MRI, lymphangiography, colonoscopy, cystoscopy, intravenous pyelography, etc. can understand the extent of lesion invasion and assist in clinical staging.

3. Cervical smear cytology examination

It is the most effective method for detecting early cervical precancerous lesions. It is currently widely used in cancer prevention screening, with a positive rate of more than 90%. The sample is taken from the junction of the squamous-columnar epithelium of the cervix of the subject and then smeared on a glass slide. After fixation and staining, it is examined under a microscope. If suspicious cancer cells or nuclear heterogeneous cells are found, a cervical biopsy should be performed.

4. Cervical conization examination

When multiple cervical cytology tests are positive but cervical biopsy results are negative, or when the biopsy is carcinoma in situ and invasive cancer cannot be ruled out clinically, cervical conization can be considered for the patient. The specimens removed are examined by serial pathological sections.

Warm Tips: The treatment rate of early cervical precancer has been improved. How long patients can live with early cervical precancer is largely due to the early detection, early diagnosis and early treatment of cervical precancer. Since the carcinoma in situ of early cervical precancer is confined to the skin or mucosa, without metastasis or deep infiltration, the 5-year survival rate can reach above 100% after effective treatment. If the lesion is discovered and treated in the early stage, the success rate of complete recovery is quite high.