Diseases that should be differentiated from chronic pelvic inflammatory disease

Chronic pelvic inflammatory disease is often caused by the failure to thoroughly treat acute pelvic inflammatory disease, and the prolonged course of the disease in patients with poor physical conditions. However, some patients with chronic pelvic inflammatory disease do not have a history of acute pelvic inflammatory disease, such as salpingitis caused by Chlamydia trachomatis infection. Chronic pelvic inflammatory disease is a stubborn disease, and when the body's resistance is poor, it can still develop acutely. Its infection routes include spreading through the lymphatic system, spreading upward along the genital mucosa, and spreading through the blood circulation.

Chronic pelvic inflammatory disease infection

1. Spread through the lymphatic system: Bacteria invade the pelvic connective tissue and other parts of the internal reproductive organs through the lymphatic vessels of the vulva, vagina, cervix and uterine body trauma. It is the main transmission route for puerperal infection, post-abortion infection and infection after placement of an intrauterine contraceptive device. It is more common in infections with streptococci, Escherichia coli and anaerobic bacteria.

2. Spread along the genital mucosa: After the pathogen invades the vulva and vagina, it spreads along the mucosa through the cervix, endometrium, and fallopian tube mucosa to the ovaries and abdominal cavity. Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis, and Staphylococcus aureus spread along this route.

3. Transmission through blood circulation: The pathogen first invades other systems of the human body and then infects the genitals through blood circulation. This is the main route of tuberculosis infection.

4. Direct spread: After other organs in the abdominal cavity are infected, they spread directly to the internal reproductive organs. For example, appendicitis can cause right-sided salpingitis.