CT Findings of Submucosal Uterine Myoma

Uterine fibroids, also known as uterine leiomyoma, are the most common benign tumors of the female reproductive organs. According to the relationship between the fibroids and the uterine muscle wall, they can be divided into intramural fibroids, subserosal fibroids and submucosal fibroids. Among them, submucosal fibroids grow toward the uterine cavity, protrude from the uterine cavity, and are only covered by mucosa on the surface. They account for about 10% to 15%. Their CT manifestations are as follows:

The CT manifestations of this type of fibroids are: the uterus is enlarged, the uterine cavity is reduced, and a round-shaped mass with a density roughly equivalent to that of the uterus can be seen in the enlarged uterine cavity. The mass is significantly and evenly enhanced on enhanced scanning, and a "pseudocapsule" can be seen on the edge. However, it is not easy to distinguish it from uterine hypertrophy, uterine body cancer, and adenomyosis on plain CT scans, and enhanced scanning is helpful for diagnosis. Among them, uterine hypertrophy is also manifested as an enlarged uterine cavity, but without deviation; uterine body cancer shows uneven enhancement, or low-density necrotic areas can be seen; adenomyosis shows spotty and dot-like enhancement. At the same time, it should be noted that both uterine body cancer and adenomyosis have unclear boundaries and no calcification, which is more meaningful for differentiation.

In short, CT plain scan plus enhanced scan has a high value in diagnosing uterine fibroids. Some patients with typical CT plain scan manifestations can be diagnosed. Enhanced scanning can increase the density difference between uterine fibroids and normal uterine tissue, showing the enhancement characteristics of uterine fibroids. At the same time, it is helpful to clarify the size, number, and morphology of uterine fibroids and improve the detection rate.