Characteristics of menopausal dysfunctional uterine bleeding

Menopausal functional uterine bleeding is caused by endocrine disorders, so before diagnosis, a comprehensive physical examination must be performed to exclude uterine bleeding caused by pregnancy, tumors, inflammation, trauma, etc., and then it can be diagnosed as functional uterine bleeding (abbreviated as functional uterine bleeding). The main characteristics of menopausal functional uterine bleeding are:

(1) The cause of the disease is the decline of gonadal function. Menopausal functional uterine bleeding occurs when the reproductive function gradually tends to age. During the transition period, the aging speed of various organs and systems is different, especially the aging of various planes of the gonadal axis is not synchronized, which can easily lead to functional disorders and cause menopausal functional uterine bleeding.

(2) Clinical symptoms vary. Irregular menstrual cycle, irregular uterine bleeding, excessive menstrual flow, bleeding in the middle of the menstrual cycle, bleeding before menstruation, bleeding after menstruation, or long and continuous menstrual period, etc. Excessive bleeding or prolonged bleeding is often accompanied by varying degrees of anemia, or symptoms such as dizziness, fatigue, palpitations, tinnitus, edema, etc. caused by anemia.

(3) Different changes in the endometrium. The endometrial tissue examination of menopausal functional uterine bleeding with anovulation can be divided into simple endometrial hyperplasia, adenocystic hyperplasia, adenomatous hyperplasia and atypical hyperplasia. Atypical hyperplasia should be considered a precancerous lesion, and the principle of treatment is hysterectomy for safety. If the endometrial changes in postmenopausal uterine bleeding are manifested as atrophy, there are also two manifestations and they are related to whether ovulation occurred in the last menstrual cycle. If ovulation occurred in the last menstrual cycle, the endometrium will show simple atrophy. If there was no ovulation in the last menstrual cycle, the endometrium will show cystic atrophy.