Why does dysmenorrhea occur?

The cause of dysmenorrhea has always been a question that everyone is looking for the answer to. So why does dysmenorrhea occur? What is dysmenorrhea? What factors are related to dysmenorrhea? Please pay attention to this article below, and experts will answer them for you one by one.

Dysmenorrhea refers to pain that is associated with menstruation. This pain occurs a few days before menstruation (mostly 1-2 days before menstruation) to the first few days of menstruation (mostly 1-4 days of menstruation), and it occurs almost every time menstruation comes. In addition to abdominal pain, there are also nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, headaches, etc., which affect work and life. About 50% of young and middle-aged women will experience dysmenorrhea, which is the most common gynecological disease. Dysmenorrhea is medically divided into primary dysmenorrhea and secondary dysmenorrhea.

Primary dysmenorrhea refers to pain that is associated with menstruation without obvious organic lesions in the reproductive organs. Some scholars also call it functional dysmenorrhea. This pain often occurs shortly after the onset of menstruation and lasts for many years with almost no change in the pain level or a significant increase. It is more common in unmarried or non-pregnant women, and often the dysmenorrhea is relieved or disappears after giving birth.

Secondary dysmenorrhea refers to pain associated with menstruation caused by organic lesions in the reproductive organs, such as endometriosis, adenomyosis, uterine submucosal fibroids or pelvic adhesions. If dysmenorrhea is caused by endometriosis and adenomyosis, the pain will often gradually increase with the onset of menstruation each month.

Here are some of the causes of primary dysmenorrhea:

The cause of primary dysmenorrhea is not yet fully understood, but it is believed to be related to the following factors:

1. Mental factors Women experience abdominal distension, back pain, mild edema of the lower limbs, and occasional spasmodic pain 1-2 days before menstruation, which is normal. Since pain is a subjective feeling, each person has a different pain threshold, and the tolerance and reaction to pain are different. For a nervous person or a person with hypersensitivity, the uterine contraction reaction caused by menstruation may be unbearable. In clinical practice, the author also sees some people who, due to lack of understanding of menstrual physiology, show excessive anxiety, tension, and even fear. Every time menstruation comes, they feel very painful, accompanied by vomiting, diarrhea, etc. However, after appropriate psychological counseling and explanation, and a period of drug treatment, dysmenorrhea disappears. It can be seen that mental factors play a certain role in primary dysmenorrhea.

2. Physical factors Some women who do not normally have dysmenorrhea may experience dysmenorrhea when their health deteriorates. For example, some patients with anemia or other chronic diseases often have dysmenorrhea, and some women who lose weight excessively or suffer from anorexia may also experience dysmenorrhea. These women with dysmenorrhea will experience relief or disappearance of dysmenorrhea after curing their chronic diseases or strengthening their physical fitness. Therefore, some scholars have proposed that primary dysmenorrhea is related to physical factors.

3. Uterine spasmodic contraction It is generally believed that dysmenorrhea is caused by uterine ischemia due to spasmodic contraction of the uterine muscle layer. Anything that causes uterine spasmodic contraction can cause dysmenorrhea. For example, cervical stenosis or cervical canal stenosis, excessive uterine flexion (especially retroverted uterus), etc., can cause poor menstrual blood circulation and menstrual blood retention, thereby stimulating uterine contraction to discharge menstrual blood, thus causing dysmenorrhea. Especially when the uterus is immature or dysplastic, the structural proportions of uterine muscle and fibrous tissue are out of balance, resulting in uncoordinated contractions and causing dysmenorrhea. It can also be due to the shedding of the endometrium as a whole, resulting in poor discharge, which increases uterine contraction or spasmodic contraction and causes dysmenorrhea, which is also called "membranous dysmenorrhea."

The clinical symptoms of dysmenorrhea may be as follows: intermittent pain in the lower abdomen occurs 1-2 days before menstruation to 1-4 days after menstruation. Sometimes the pain radiates to the vagina, anus and waist. It may also be accompanied by nausea, vomiting, and even diarrhea, as well as symptoms such as frequent urination and urgency. Abdominal pain often lasts for several hours, and in a few patients it lasts for 1-4 days. The pain gradually disappears when menstrual blood is discharged smoothly. When the pain is severe, the face becomes pale, the hands and feet are cold, cold sweats occur, and even fainting occurs. Patients with "membranous dysmenorrhea" begin to feel pain after menstruation, and the pain is relieved or disappears after the membranous tissue is discharged.

The above is the explanation of the cause of dysmenorrhea by experts. From the above, we can understand that this is closely related to one's own physical fitness and mental factors. While exercising one's physical fitness, one should not lose weight excessively. If you still have questions, please consult an expert, I believe they will give you a satisfactory answer.

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