What are the causes of secondary dysmenorrhea?

Do you know what the cause of secondary dysmenorrhea is? Have you ever tried to care about the cause of secondary dysmenorrhea? Because the cause of secondary dysmenorrhea has been lurking around us and requires our attention.

Secondary dysmenorrhea is caused by the following diseases:

1. Chronic pelvic inflammatory disease: Lower abdominal pain and infertility are the main symptoms of chronic pelvic inflammatory disease. During menstruation, due to pelvic congestion or acute inflammation induced by menstruation, abdominal pain may be aggravated. Most patients have a history of infertility and acute pelvic inflammatory disease. Pelvic examination shows that the uterus is mostly posterior, with poor mobility or even completely fixed. This is the main cause of secondary dysmenorrhea.

2. Reproductive tract malformation: During embryonic development, the paramesonephric duct on one side can develop well, forming a well-developed unicornuate uterus. However, the paramesonephric duct on the other side develops poorly, forming a rudimentary horn or primordial uterus, which is not connected to the opposite side and does not lead to the body. Primordial uterus generally has no uterine cavity, or has a uterine cavity but lacks endometrium; if the primordial uterus has functional response, it manifests as periodic bleeding, which can cause dysmenorrhea due to blood accumulation in the uterine cavity. Most patients are young girls.

3. Uterine fibroids: Dysmenorrhea is not the main symptom of uterine fibroids, but submucosal fibroids can cause spasmodic pain during menstruation due to stimulation of uterine contraction. Patients often have menorrhagia, prolonged menstruation or irregular vaginal bleeding. Pelvic examination can reveal varying degrees of enlargement of the uterus, with a smooth surface or nodular protrusions. The cause of secondary dysmenorrhea caused by this disease is not common.

4. Adenomyosis: A benign disease caused by the invasion of the endometrium into the myometrium. Dysmenorrhea is one of the typical symptoms of this disease. There may also be increased menstrual flow or prolonged menstruation. Gynecological examination shows that the uterus is uniformly enlarged and spherical, with a hard texture, generally about the size of a 2-month pregnancy, and may be slightly tender.

5. Intrauterine contraceptive device: Dysmenorrhea can also be seen in women who have an intrauterine contraceptive device placed. This type of dysmenorrhea may be caused by an increase in prostaglandins produced by the endometrium, or it may be that the contraceptive device stimulates the rejection contraction of the uterine muscles, leading to spasmodic pain in the lower abdomen. Patients often have discomfort in the lower abdomen or lumbar region, and their menstrual symptoms are aggravated, which manifests as dysmenorrhea. Improper placement of the IUD or an oversized IUD can also easily cause uterine contractions, leading to lower abdominal pain and dysmenorrhea.

6. Pelvic endometriosis: Dysmenorrhea is the main symptom of endometriosis. The ectopic endometrial tissue in the ovaries, uterine cuboid ligaments, uterorectal fossa and pelvic peritoneum is also affected by ovarian hormones during the menstrual cycle and undergoes cyclical changes.

7. Pelvic venous congestion syndrome: This disease is a female internal reproductive organ disease caused by chronic pelvic venous congestion. The main clinical manifestations include pelvic distension, lower abdominal and lumbar pain, and are often accompanied by menorrhagia, increased leucorrhea and dysmenorrhea. The symptoms are often aggravated by fatigue, prolonged sexual intercourse, prolonged standing or constipation. Some patients also have breast pain and bladder and rectal irritation symptoms.

The above diseases may be the cause of secondary dysmenorrhea. If you suffer from any of the above diseases, you must be careful about the causes of secondary dysmenorrhea mentioned above and pay more attention. If you still have doubts about the causes of secondary dysmenorrhea, please consult our online experts, who will answer your questions.

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