What are the causes of long-term dysmenorrhea?

What are the causes of long-term dysmenorrhea? Dysmenorrhea is lower abdominal pain and distension before, during, or after menstruation. Dysmenorrhea is severe enough to affect the quality of life and work. Dysmenorrhea can be divided into primary and secondary types. Primary dysmenorrhea refers to dysmenorrhea that occurs when a woman has her first menstrual period. No specific cause can be found. It may be related to the spasmodic contraction of the uterine muscles during menstruation. This type of dysmenorrhea can be improved after marriage and childbirth. Some dysmenorrhea is caused by diseases such as uterine fibroids, pelvic inflammatory disease, and endometriosis, which is called secondary dysmenorrhea. Common causes of secondary dysmenorrhea are:

Causes of long-term dysmenorrhea (1) Endometriosis: Endometriosis refers to a condition in which the location of the endometrium changes due to certain factors, and the endometrium grows from the original uterine cavity to other parts of the body. This symptom changes with the female cycle. It is more common in middle-aged women aged 30 to 45, because the endometrium "sets up camp" outside the uterus. It thickens and bleeds under the influence of ovarian hormones. Since it does not flow out of the body, it stimulates the surrounding tissues, causing uterine muscle contraction or tissue fibrosis, which induces dysmenorrhea.

Causes of long-term dysmenorrhea (2) Uterine adenomyoma: Dr. Li Zhi, chief physician of the Guangzhou Women's Endocrinology Clinic, believes that uterine adenomyoma is generally a benign lesion with a very low rate of malignant transformation. The main manifestations are uterine enlargement, dysmenorrhea, heavy menstruation and infertility. It is more common in women over 40 years old, multiparous women, and women who have had multiple artificial abortions and curettage.

Causes of long-term dysmenorrhea (3) Cervical or intrauterine adhesions: Intrauterine adhesions refer to a series of complications such as menstrual abnormalities, infertility, and habitual abortion caused by partial or complete closure of the uterine cavity or closure of the internal cervical os due to endometrial adhesions. About 40% of patients with intrauterine adhesions suffer from infertility. Intrauterine adhesions can be divided into complete, partial, and marginal intrauterine adhesions according to the extent of the adhesions. They are more common in patients with repeated artificial abortions, endometrial tuberculosis, etc.

Causes of long-term dysmenorrhea (4) Reproductive tract malformations: Mechanical obstructions such as excessive anteversion of the uterus and hymen occlusion can cause poor menstrual blood flow and blood accumulation, which can induce abnormal contraction of the uterine muscles and can also cause dysmenorrhea. Generally, there is a gradual increase in cyclical lower abdominal pain, and a gradually enlarging mass may appear in the lower abdomen. Common reproductive tract malformations include hymen occlusion, vaginal occlusion, complete transverse vaginal septum, and uterine dysplasia.

Causes of long-term dysmenorrhea (5) Pelvic inflammation: persistent pain in the lower abdomen, which may radiate to the waist, and sometimes accompanied by a feeling of heaviness in the anus. Common causes of primary dysmenorrhea include:

① Mental tension: Daily exposure to words such as "menstruation will be painful" causes fear in the mind and excessive mental focus on the lower abdomen, resulting in a "sensitive state". Over time, it becomes a conditioned reflex, causing discomfort or pain when menstruation comes.

②Weak constitution: Some young women are very sensitive to pain. What may seem like lower abdominal discomfort to others may be unbearable pain to her.

③ Endocrine disorders: The uterus is sensitive to progesterone, which can cause excessive contraction, leading to uterine muscle ischemia, resulting in pain. In recent years, studies have shown that the content of prostaglandins in the menstrual blood of patients with dysmenorrhea increases, resulting in excessive uterine contraction and dysmenorrhea.

④ Uterine hypoplasia: The cervical opening is narrow or the uterus is tilted, which makes it difficult for menstrual blood to flow out of the uterus, causing strong contraction of the uterine muscles and lower abdominal pain.

The above is an introduction to the causes of long-term dysmenorrhea. For people who have dysmenorrhea, it is recommended to take preventive measures against dysmenorrhea. If there are any uncomfortable symptoms, it is necessary to seek timely treatment. If you have other questions about the causes of long-term dysmenorrhea, please consult our online experts for more information.

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