How to care for women with ectopic pregnancy?

Experts in the care of ectopic pregnancy say that ectopic pregnancy, also known as ectopic pregnancy, refers to pregnancy in a location other than the uterus. The most common ectopic pregnancy is tubal pregnancy. As the fertilized egg grows, it will burst the fallopian tube and cause heavy bleeding, shock, and even life-threatening. Since the initial symptoms of ectopic pregnancy often appear as acute abdominal pain, it is easy to cause misdiagnosis or missed diagnosis. If the patient cannot receive symptomatic treatment within 2 hours, it will directly lead to death. The care of ectopic pregnancy is particularly important, and the specific methods are as follows:

Nursing of ectopic pregnancy:

Nursing and preoperative emergency treatment of ectopic pregnancy

(1) Shock supine position. The patient's head and feet are elevated (elevated 15° each) to increase the amount of blood returning to the heart from the lower limbs and to facilitate blood supply to important organs.

(2) Keep the airway open, inhale oxygen, and improve the hypoxic state.

(3) Rapid volume expansion. Quickly establish two intravenous accesses to ensure that the veins are unobstructed and administer appropriate medications based on the patient's condition.

(4) Closely observe vital signs. Blood pressure is an indicator of hemorrhagic shock, and raising blood pressure is the key to winning the opportunity for surgical rescue. At the same time, closely observe changes in blood oxygen saturation, pulse, consciousness, etc.

(5) Treatment of DIC. Actively observe for bleeding tendency, detect and treat in time. The main principles of treatment are to remove the cause, improve microcirculation, anticoagulant thrombolysis, antifibrinolysis, hemostasis and liver protection.

(6) Make good preoperative preparations. While fighting shock, make preoperative preparations as soon as possible, check blood type and cross-match blood, prepare blood for use, and perform surgical treatment in a timely manner; for qualified autologous blood, transfuse it as soon as possible under strict aseptic operation to maintain the effective circulating blood volume in the body.

Nursing and preoperative care for ectopic pregnancy

(1) Provide psychological care for patients before surgery. Reduce the patient's and their family's concerns and fears about surgery. Nurses should use kind words to comfort and guide patients, relieve the patient's psychological pressure, and make the patient calm from fear, relaxed from tension, and calm from anxiety. Actively explain to patients the dangers of ectopic pregnancy rupture, so that patients can face their condition, eliminate the patient's vigilance with a scientific and sincere attitude, and buy time for rescue.

(2) Absolute bed rest. Do not move the patient or press the lower abdomen at will, because tubal pregnancy can cause vibration and pressure on the abdomen to rupture the mass or cause heavy bleeding as the embryo grows.

(3) Preoperative treatment. Prepare the abdomen and place a urinary catheter as directed by the doctor; inject preoperative medication intramuscularly. A dedicated person will escort the patient to the operating room and explain the patient's condition in detail.

Nursing and postoperative care for ectopic pregnancy

(1) Postoperative position. Postoperatively, the patient should be placed in a semi-recumbent position 6 to 8 hours after epidural anesthesia or combined anesthesia care to reduce incision tension, relieve pain, facilitate expectoration, and prevent pulmonary complications.

(2) Vital sign monitoring: Perform ECG monitoring and observe blood pressure, pulse, respiration, and blood oxygen saturation at all times until blood pressure stabilizes.

(3) Pay attention to whether there is bleeding from the abdominal incision. If there is bleeding, notify the doctor immediately, find out the cause of the bleeding and change the dressing. Generally, the patient should be helped to sit up 2 days after surgery; on the 3rd day, the patient should get out of bed and move around. For patients with weak constitution, the waiting time should be extended appropriately.

(4) Diet care. Take good care of your oral cavity during the fasting period. After 6 hours of fasting, give liquid food as prescribed by the doctor. Avoid milk and sugar, and eat easily digestible food.

(5) Discharge instructions. Explain the precautions after discharge, including getting enough rest, improving nutrition, keeping the vulva and abdomen clean, carrying out necessary health education, and following up in the outpatient clinic as ordered by the doctor.

Experts say that the mental health of patients with ectopic pregnancy cannot be ignored. Nursing staff should be enthusiastic and kind so that patients can feel at ease during treatment. In addition, if pregnant women experience amenorrhea, abdominal pain, vaginal bleeding and other phenomena, they should be alert to whether an ectopic pregnancy has occurred. Similarly, pregnant women should go to the hospital for B-ultrasound and other related examinations in the early stages of pregnancy to see if it is an ectopic pregnancy to prevent shock caused by heavy bleeding during ectopic pregnancy. Especially for women with a history of adnexitis, pelvic inflammatory disease, fallopian tube surgery, infertility, ectopic pregnancy, and intrauterine contraceptive devices, if they experience lower abdominal pain accompanied by nausea, vomiting, frequent urination and other symptoms, they should go to the hospital for examination and treatment as soon as possible. If you have other questions about the care of ectopic pregnancy, please consult our experts online or call for consultation.

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