What is the cause of functional uterine bleeding and how to treat it

Dysfunctional uterine bleeding is abnormal uterine bleeding caused by endocrine disorders, which is common in adolescent and menopausal women. Treatment includes medication, surgery and lifestyle adjustments.

1. Endocrine disorders

The main cause of functional uterine bleeding is endocrine disorders, especially imbalances in estrogen and progesterone levels. Anovulatory bleeding is more likely to occur in adolescent women because their ovarian function is not yet fully mature. In menopausal women, ovarian function declines and hormone secretion is unstable, leading to abnormal proliferation and shedding of the endometrium. Endocrine disorders may also be induced by stress, mood swings, and drastic changes in weight.

2. Drug treatment

Drug treatment is the first choice for functional uterine bleeding. Commonly used drugs include oral contraceptives, progestins and hemostatics. Oral contraceptives restore normal menstrual cycles by regulating hormone levels. Progestins such as progesterone can promote endometrial shedding and reduce bleeding. Hemostatics such as tranexamic acid can effectively control acute bleeding. Drug treatment must be carried out under the guidance of a doctor to avoid side effects.

3. Surgical treatment

For patients who are ineffective with drug treatment or whose condition is severe, surgical treatment may be considered. Endometrial ablation reduces bleeding by removing part or all of the endometrium. Uterine artery embolization blocks blood flow in the uterine artery to stop bleeding. Hysterectomy is the last option and is suitable for patients who have no fertility needs and are in severe condition. Surgical treatment should be performed according to the patient's specific situation and the doctor's advice.

4. Lifestyle Adjustment

Lifestyle adjustment is of great significance for the prevention and auxiliary treatment of functional uterine bleeding. Maintain a regular work and rest schedule, avoid staying up late and overwork. Eat a balanced diet and increase foods rich in iron and vitamins, such as lean meat, green leafy vegetables and fruits. Moderate exercise, such as yoga and walking, can help relieve stress and regulate endocrine. Regular physical examinations and timely detection and treatment of related diseases are also important measures to prevent functional uterine bleeding.

Although functional uterine bleeding is not life-threatening, it seriously affects the quality of life. Timely medical treatment, identification of the cause, selection of appropriate treatment methods, and lifestyle adjustments can effectively control symptoms and restore health. Patients should maintain a positive attitude, cooperate with doctors for treatment, and have regular checkups to ensure the effectiveness of treatment.