What are the causes of pelvic inflammatory disease

Pelvic inflammatory disease is a common gynecological disease. Many female friends suffer from this disease, but there are certain questions about how they get this disease. Is it due to their own reasons or their sexual partners? Let's take a closer look at the causes of pelvic inflammatory disease.

1. Sexual partners are not treated

Male partners who carry gonococci, Chlamydia trachomatis, or other pathogens are an important source of infection and recurrence for women, and 80% of the sexual partners of women with pelvic inflammatory disease are untreated. Their lack of symptoms does not mean that they do not have infections such as gonococci.

2. Previous pelvic inflammatory disease

The recurrence rate of patients with a history of pelvic inflammatory disease is 20 times that of those without such a history. 20% to 25% of PID patients may have another attack. Rather than considering this as an acute attack of "chronic" inflammation, it is better to consider it as a reinfection. The reason why it is easy to be reinfected is that the fallopian tube epithelium has been damaged, which is more sensitive to pathogens, and the local defense mechanism is impaired. The lack of treatment of sexual partners is an important infection factor.

3. Sexual activity and number of sexual partners

Sexual activity is closely related to pelvic inflammatory disease, except for IUD and intrauterine operation. In addition, primary pelvic inflammatory disease is mostly caused by sexual activity or sexual exposure. The role of sperm in carrying bacteria should be considered. Homosexuality does not cause pelvic inflammatory disease. Infection has little to do with the frequency of sexual intercourse, but it is related to the number of sexual partners. The incidence rate of women with multiple sexual partners is 5 times that of those without such relationships.

4. Infection after abortion or miscarriage

Abortion is very harmful to a woman's body and can also cause various inflammations.

Whether it is a miscarriage or a postpartum woman, her physical condition will be weaker than before. The cervical opening has not yet completely closed at this time, and bacteria can easily exist in the lower body or cervix, causing pelvic infection.

5. Not paying attention to hygiene during menstruation

Women are prone to bacteria during menstruation, because menstruation is the shedding of the endometrium and the presence of blood clots, which creates good conditions for the production of bacteria. If women do not pay attention to their personal hygiene during this period, or use unqualified sanitary napkins, or even have sex, these will give bacteria the opportunity to create infection and eventually lead to pelvic inflammatory disease.

6. Infection during pregnancy or abortion

The area below the uterus is connected to the outside world through the vagina and is susceptible to invasion and infection. Once infection occurs, pathogens can travel along the fallopian tube mucosa to the ovaries and reach the pelvic cavity. The pelvic venous plexuses are anastomosed with each other and are rich in lymph, making the infection easy to spread.

7. Sexually transmitted diseases

People with unclean sexual life history, early sexual intercourse, multiple sexual partners, and frequent sexual intercourse may be invaded by pathogens of sexually transmitted diseases and cause pelvic inflammation. Common pathogens are Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis, or combined aerobic and anaerobic infections.