What are the causes of miscarriage?

Abortion is a nightmare that every woman does not want to face, so women must not undergo abortion surgery lightly, because the trauma caused by this operation is likely to cause repeated miscarriages, making your road to becoming a mother very difficult. So, what are the causes of miscarriage? Let us take a detailed look below.

The causes of miscarriage include embryonic factors, maternal factors, paternal factors and environmental factors.

1. Embryonic factors: Embryonic chromosomal abnormalities are the main cause of miscarriage. Examination of early miscarriage offspring found that 50%-60% had chromosomal abnormalities. Chromosomal abnormalities in either spouse can be passed on to the offspring, leading to miscarriage. Chromosomal abnormalities include numerical abnormalities and structural abnormalities. In addition to genetic factors, infections, drugs and other adverse effects can also cause chromosomal abnormalities in offspring, and miscarriage often occurs before 12 weeks of pregnancy.

2. Maternal factors:

(1) Systemic diseases: high fever during systemic infection can promote uterine contraction and cause miscarriage. Infections such as syphilis spirochetes, influenza virus, cytomegalovirus, mycoplasma, chlamydia, toxoplasma, herpes simplex virus, etc. can cause fetal chromosomal aberration and lead to miscarriage. Ischemic and hypoxic diseases such as heart failure, severe anemia, hypertension, chronic nephritis and severe malnutrition in expectant mothers can also lead to miscarriage.

(2) Endocrine abnormalities: Luteal insufficiency can lead to early miscarriage. Hypothyroidism and severe diabetes with uncontrolled blood sugar can also lead to miscarriage.

(3) Immune dysfunction: Immune factors related to miscarriage include the spouse's tissue compatibility antigen (HLA), fetal antigen, blood type antigen (ABO and Rh) and the mother's autoimmune status. The high frequency of the parents' HLA loci can also lead to insufficient maternal blocking antibodies, which can also cause recurrent miscarriage. Incompatibility of maternal and fetal blood types, excessive production of antiphospholipid antibodies in pregnant women, and the presence of antisperm antibodies in couples can all cause the embryo or fetus to be rejected and cause miscarriage.

(4) Uterine abnormalities: Uterine malformations such as uterine hypoplasia, unicornuate uterus, didelphys, uterine septum, intrauterine adhesions, and submucosal or intramural uterine fibroids can affect the implantation and development of the embryonic sac and lead to miscarriage. Severe cervical lacerations, loose internal cervical os, and short cervix can lead to fetal rupture and miscarriage.

(5) Traumatic stimulation: Uterine trauma such as surgery, direct impact, and excessive sexual intercourse can also lead to miscarriage; mental trauma such as excessive tension, anxiety, fear, and sadness can also cause miscarriage.

(6) Bad habits: Excessive smoking, alcoholism, drugs such as morphine and heroin can all lead to miscarriage.

3. Father factors: Studies have shown that sperm chromosome abnormalities can lead to spontaneous abortion. However, there is no clear evidence that abnormally high sperm deformity rates are related to spontaneous abortion.

4. Environmental factors: Excessive exposure to chemicals such as arsenic, lead, formaldehyde, benzene, chloroprene, and ethylene oxide can also lead to miscarriage.

There are many factors that lead to miscarriage. For example, the miscarriage mentioned above will cause physical discomfort to women, and once a miscarriage occurs, it will cause great harm to the body. Only by paying attention to the causes of miscarriage and knowing what factors cause miscarriage can we avoid it in our lives.