What are the common harmful consequences of hyperprolactinemia?

Hyperprolactinemia is caused by internal and external environmental factors, and symptoms such as amenorrhea and galactorrhea appear. If hyperprolactinemia occurs, it should be checked and treated in time. So what are the common harmful consequences of hyperprolactinemia? The following gynecological expert will explain it to you in detail.

The dangers of hyperprolactinemia in women are:

1. Lactation

Non-postpartum lactation is a sign of hyperprolactinemia, accounting for about 1/3 to 2/3 of hyperprolactinemia. About 30% of cases are not accompanied by elevated prolactin and coexist with amenorrhea, which is often called amenorrhea and lactation syndrome. If high prolactin, amenorrhea, and lactation coexist, 2/3 of the cases have pituitary swelling.

2. Infertility

High prolactin acts on the pituitary gland, inhibiting the secretion of follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone. If the follicle-stimulating hormone is too low, it is not enough to make the follicles mature, and if the luteinizing hormone is too low, there will be no luteinizing hormone peak, so there will be no ovulation and infertility. When the blood prolactin concentration increases, the prolactin level in the follicular fluid also increases, the estrogen level decreases, the granulosa cells decrease significantly, and the secretion of progesterone decreases, causing luteal insufficiency and leading to infertility or early pregnancy miscarriage.

3. Oligomenorrhea or amenorrhea

Menstruation may be normal in the early stage, and gradually become infrequent menstruation and amenorrhea. Characteristics of amenorrhea: low luteinizing hormone levels, disappearance of normal fluctuations, resulting in anovulation, no positive feedback caused by estrogen, no luteinizing hormone peak, and no response to clomiphene.

IV. Others

If there is a pituitary swelling, it may cause headaches, decreased vision and visual field defects. Due to low estrogen levels, symptoms such as decreased libido, vaginal dryness, difficulty in sexual intercourse and smaller breasts may appear.