Why are cervical warts misdiagnosed?

Once people suffer from a disease, they can't wait to know the diagnosis method of the disease, so that we can confirm the condition and carry out the next step of treatment. Especially for infectious diseases like cervical warts, timely treatment is very necessary. Here I will introduce to you the diagnosis methods of cervical warts.

1. Pathological examination mainly shows parakeratosis, highly hypertrophic stratum spinosum, papilloma-like hyperplasia, thickening and elongation of epidermal protrusions, and the degree of hyperplasia may resemble pseudoepithelioma. There are a considerable number of nuclear divisions in thorny cells and basal cells, which are quite similar to cancer. However, the cells are arranged regularly, and the boundary between the hyperplastic epithelium and dermis is clear. It is characterized by obvious vacuolation in the cells of the granular layer and the upper part of the thorny layer. This type of vacuolated cell is larger than normal, with light cytoplasm and a large, round, deeply basophilic nucleus in the center. Usually there is dermal edema, capillary dilation, and dense chronic inflammatory infiltration around it.

Second, immunohistological examination usually uses peroxidase anti-peroxidase method to show viral protein in condyloma to prove the presence of viral antigen in wart lesions. When cervical condyloma protein is positive, a weak positive reaction of light red may appear in the superficial epithelial cells of cervical condyloma.

3. Histochemical examination Take a small amount of lesion tissue to make a smear and stain it with specific anti-human papillomavirus antibodies. If there is a viral antigen in the lesion, the antigen and antibody will bind. In the peroxidase anti-peroxidase method, the nucleus can be stained red. This method is highly specific and rapid, which is helpful for diagnosis.

4. Acetic acid whitening test: Apply 3-5% acetic acid to the wart for 2-5 minutes. The lesion will turn white and slightly raised. Anal lesions may take 15 minutes. The principle of this test is the result of protein coagulation and whitening with acid. The keratin produced by infected cells of cervical condylomata is different from that produced by normal uninfected epithelial cells. Only the former can be decolorized by acetic acid. The acetic acid whitening test has a high sensitivity in detecting cervical condylomata, and it is better than conventional tests to observe histological changes. However, false positives occasionally occur in cases of epithelial thickening or traumatic abrasions, and the false positive whitening signs appear unclear and irregular. The US CDC reminds that the acetic acid whitening test is not a specific test, and false positives are common.

5. Genetic diagnosis: To date, cervical warts are difficult to detect using traditional virus culture and serological techniques. The main experimental diagnostic technology is nucleic acid hybridization.

We have introduced to you the diagnostic methods of cervical warts. I believe you are all familiar with these diagnostic methods. If you find that you have symptoms of cervical warts in your life, you must go to the hospital for scientific examinations, diagnose the disease as soon as possible, and start treatment as soon as possible.