What are the specific causes of menopause?

Female friends all know about menopause, but they don’t know much about some of the complications of menopause and the causes of menopause. Therefore, many female friends rarely take precautions against menopause and often ignore the complications caused by this situation. Next, we will introduce the specific causes of menopause.

1. Age of menopause The age of menopause reflects the reproductive lifespan of the ovaries. Cell senescence is the result of menopause. Factors that affect the age of menopause include heredity, nutrition, obesity, altitude of the living area, smoking, etc.

2. The impact of genetic factors on menopausal women The DNA sequence and its variation in the human body reflect the evolution of human beings. Studying DNA sequence variation (i.e. polymorphisms) in different populations and individuals helps us understand human physiological changes, the occurrence and development of diseases, and the response to drug treatment.

More and more studies have found that certain gene polymorphisms are associated with the occurrence of menopause and postmenopausal diseases.

(1) Estrogen receptor (ER) gene polymorphism: ① Structure and function of estrogen receptor (ER). ② Polymorphism of ER gene. ③ Relationship between ER gene polymorphism and menopause. ④ Relationship between ER gene polymorphism and postmenopausal bone mineral density. ⑤ ER gene polymorphism and postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy (HRT).

For postmenopausal women receiving HRT, their ER gene polymorphism affects the level of high-density lipoprotein (HDL), thus affecting the dose-effect of HRT.

In summary, estrogen receptor gene polymorphism affects menopause time and bone metabolism at different levels and plays a role in HRT treatment. If clinicians can predict the risk of postmenopausal osteoporosis and the response to HRT treatment by testing ER genotype, it will play an important role in the early prevention and treatment of osteoporosis and the formulation of personalized HRT treatment plans.

(2) Vitamin D receptor gene polymorphism: ① Structure and function of vitamin D receptor. ② Polymorphism of VDR gene. ③ Relationship between VDR polymorphism and postmenopausal bone mineral density and osteoporosis.