Learn about the examination items for ovarian cysts.

Did you know that ovarian cysts are classified into hemorrhagic cysts, serous epithelial cysts and mucinous epithelial cysts, chocolate cysts, teratomas, ovarian cancer, and endometrioid tumors ? Regarding the treatment of ovarian cysts , let's now learn about the examination items for ovarian cysts .

Regarding the treatment of ovarian cysts , cytological examination is performed as vault puncture , aspiration of ascites for cytological examination , and aspiration of fluid from the rectouterine pouch during laparoscopic examination or laparotomy for cyst removal , which has a high accuracy rate in diagnosing malignant tumors .

Laparoscopy can directly see the general condition of the tumor , observe the entire pelvic and abdominal cavity , perform multiple biopsies at suspicious sites, and absorb peritoneal fluid for cytological examination to confirm the diagnosis and postoperative monitoring . However, it is contraindicated for patients with huge or adhesive masses , and retroperitoneal lymph nodes cannot be observed , which is a disadvantage .

Radiological diagnosis is assisted by abdominal plain film , intravenous pyelography , barium swallow examination , lymph node angiography , etc. Computerized tomography (CT) can distinguish between benign and malignant tumors , diagnose pelvic masses with intestinal obstruction , and show liver, lung and retroperitoneal lymph node metastasis .

Once a cyst is found , vaginal four-dimensional color Doppler ultrasound is of great clinical significance in diagnosing whether it is cancer . If it is a functional cyst , the cyst may shrink or disappear during re-examination . If the cyst does not disappear during re-examination or becomes painful or enlarged , laparoscopic exploration should be performed if necessary . Minimally invasive laparoscopic surgery should be actively used for direct treatment to eliminate the danger .

Secondly , if the cyst is a malignant ovarian tumor , like other tumors , it can produce and release a variety of products such as antigens , hormones and enzymes . These substances can be detected in the patient's serum through immunological and biochemical methods , called tumor markers , indicating the presence of a certain tumor in the body .

1. Antigen markers : AFP is the best tumor marker for endodermal sinus tumor . The AFP value may also increase when the teratoma is immature . The increase of AFP often precedes clinical signs . It is of great significance in diagnosis and monitoring .

2. Hormone markers : β -hCG is a highly specific marker for gestational trophoblastic disease , and its serum concentration is often elevated in patients with ovarian choriocarcinoma . Estrogen levels are elevated in patients with granulosa cell tumors and theca cell tumors . 30% of patients with testicular blastoma have increased urinary 17- ketosteroid excretion .

3. The enzyme marker lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) is increased in patients with ovarian malignancies .

Through the introduction of the examination items of ovarian cysts above , I believe everyone has some understanding of the treatment of ovarian cysts . If you still have other questions about ovarian cysts , please consult our online experts , who will give you more professional answers .

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