What are the causes of amenorrhea?

The causes of amenorrhea include ovarian dysfunction, endometrial problems, and uterine structural abnormalities as determined by transvaginal ultrasound. Treatment should be tailored to the specific cause and may include hormone regulation, surgical treatment, etc.

1. Ovarian dysfunction

Vaginal ultrasound can assess the size of the ovaries, the number of follicles, and their activity, helping to determine whether there is premature ovarian failure or polycystic ovary syndrome. Patients with premature ovarian failure often show reduced ovarian size and a decrease in the number of follicles. Polycystic ovary syndrome shows enlarged ovaries, an increase in the number of follicles, and uneven distribution. For abnormal ovarian function, hormone replacement therapy, ovulation-inducing drugs, or lifestyle adjustments such as weight control, regular work and rest, and a balanced diet can be used.

2. Endometrial problems

Vaginal ultrasound can clearly show the thickness and shape of the endometrium, helping to diagnose problems such as thin endometrium, thickened endometrium or polyps. Thin endometrium may be related to insufficient estrogen levels, while thickened endometrium may indicate endometrial hyperplasia or early cancer. Treatments include estrogen supplementation, hysteroscopic surgery to remove polyps or curettage to clean the endometrium.

3. Abnormal uterine structure

Vaginal ultrasound can detect structural abnormalities such as uterine malformation, intrauterine adhesions or myomas. Uterine malformations such as bicornuate uterus and septate uterus may affect normal menstruation. Intrauterine adhesions are often related to previous surgery or infection. Myomas appear as solid masses in the myometrium or under the mucosa. Treatments include hysteroscopic surgery to correct deformities, separate adhesions, or surgically remove myomas. For asymptomatic myomas, regular follow-up observations can be performed.

The cause of amenorrhea can be clearly diagnosed through vaginal ultrasound examination, and the treatment method needs to be formulated according to the specific cause. Through early detection and intervention, most patients with amenorrhea can achieve good treatment results and restore normal menstrual cycles and reproductive functions.