What are the main causes of cervical erosion?

Cervical erosion is mainly caused by physiological changes in cervical epithelial cells, hormone level fluctuations, inflammation and infection, etc. Treatment methods include medication, physical therapy and surgery, and the specific choice depends on the severity of the disease and the needs of the patient.

1. Physiological changes of cervical epithelial cells

Cervical erosion is not really "erosion", but the outward migration of the cervical columnar epithelium, which causes the surface of the cervix to appear red and granular. This change is closely related to the estrogen level in women, especially during puberty, pregnancy or taking contraceptives. The increase in estrogen levels may promote the outward migration of the columnar epithelium. This is a physiological phenomenon and usually there is no need to worry too much, but regular checks are required to rule out other lesions.

2. Fluctuations in hormone levels

Changes in estrogen levels are an important cause of cervical erosion. During puberty, pregnancy, menopause, or when using hormone drugs, fluctuations in hormone levels in the body may cause changes in cervical epithelial cells. In this case, maintaining stable hormone levels is key. It is recommended to avoid abusing hormone drugs and to undergo hormone replacement therapy under the guidance of a doctor.

3. Inflammatory infection

Inflammatory infections such as chronic cervicitis and vaginitis may also lead to cervical erosion. Bacterial, viral or fungal infections can irritate cervical tissue, triggering an inflammatory response, which in turn leads to erosion-like changes on the surface of the cervix. Treating inflammatory infections is an important measure to relieve cervical erosion. Common treatments include the use of antibiotics such as metronidazole, azithromycin, antiviral drugs such as acyclovir or antifungal drugs such as fluconazole.

4. Physical therapy

Physical therapy is an effective method for cervical erosion with obvious symptoms or recurring. Common physical therapy includes laser therapy, cryotherapy and electrocautery. Laser therapy removes diseased tissues through high-energy laser beams, cryotherapy destroys abnormal cells through low temperatures, and electrocautery burns the diseased parts through electric current. These methods are less invasive and have quick recovery, but they must be performed under the guidance of professional doctors.

5. Surgical treatment

For severe or complicated cervical erosion, surgical treatment may be a necessary option. Common surgical methods include cervical conization, loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP) and trachelectomy. Cervical conization removes part of the cervical tissue for pathological examination, LEEP uses high-frequency radio waves to remove diseased tissue, and trachelectomy is suitable for very rare cases. After surgical treatment, attention should be paid to postoperative care to avoid infection and complications.

The treatment of cervical erosion should be based on the specific cause and condition. For physiological changes, no special treatment is usually required, but regular check-ups are required; for inflammatory infections, timely medication is required; for cases with obvious symptoms or recurrent attacks, physical therapy or surgical treatment may be considered. Regardless of the treatment method, it should be performed under the guidance of a professional doctor to ensure safety and effectiveness.