Primary and secondary amenorrhea

Primary amenorrhea and secondary amenorrhea are two types of menstrual abnormalities in women. The former refers to never having menstruation, while the latter refers to the cessation of menstruation for more than 6 months. Both may be caused by factors such as genetics, hormone imbalance, and reproductive system diseases. Treatment should be based on the specific cause.

1. Causes and treatment of primary amenorrhea

Primary amenorrhea is often related to genetic or congenital developmental abnormalities, such as Turner syndrome and Müllerian duct dysplasia. These diseases may lead to ovarian insufficiency or uterine abnormalities, which prevent normal menstruation. Hormone imbalances, such as pituitary or hypothalamic dysfunction, may also affect menarche. In terms of treatment, hormone replacement therapy can help regulate hormone levels and promote menstruation. For those with uterine abnormalities, surgical correction may be required. Psychological counseling can help relieve the anxiety caused by amenorrhea.

2. Causes and treatment of secondary amenorrhea

Common causes of secondary amenorrhea include polycystic ovary syndrome, abnormal thyroid function, excessive weight loss or excessive stress. Polycystic ovary syndrome causes hormone imbalance, affecting ovulation and menstrual cycles; abnormal thyroid function may interfere with hormone secretion. Excessive weight loss or excessive stress can affect hypothalamic function and inhibit menstruation. Treatment needs to be targeted at the cause. For example, oral contraceptives or metformin can be used to regulate hormones for polycystic ovary syndrome; thyroid hormone drugs need to be taken for abnormal thyroid function. For amenorrhea caused by weight loss or stress, it is necessary to adjust the diet, increase nutritional intake, and adopt relaxation techniques such as yoga or meditation.

3. Medical advice and lifestyle adjustments

Whether it is primary or secondary amenorrhea, if symptoms persist or are accompanied by other discomforts, you should seek medical attention for a comprehensive examination. The doctor may recommend hormone level testing, ultrasound examination or genetic testing to determine the cause. In daily life, maintaining a balanced diet, moderate exercise and a regular schedule can help maintain hormone balance. Avoiding excessive weight loss or long-term high-pressure life can help prevent secondary amenorrhea.

The causes of primary and secondary amenorrhea are complex and varied, and treatment needs to be individualized. After the cause is determined through medical examination, combined with drug treatment, lifestyle adjustments and psychological support, most patients can effectively improve symptoms and restore their menstrual cycle.