Is ovarian cyst related to menstrual disorder? What are the examination methods?

If ovarian cysts are not treated in time, there will be many harms. Many patients with ovarian cysts will have menstrual disorders. So, are ovarian cysts related to menstrual disorders? What are the examination methods?

Generally speaking, ovarian or even bilateral ovarian cysts do not cause menstrual disorders because they do not destroy all normal ovarian tissue. Some uterine bleeding is not endocrine or causes endometrial congestion due to ovarian tumors changing the pelvic vascular distribution. Menstrual disorders caused by endocrine tumors are often combined with other secretory effects due to direct metastasis of ovarian malignancies to the endometrium.

When a patient has an ovarian cyst, what are the examination methods? There are usually five examination methods:

1. Hormone determination

Luteinizing hormone/follicle-stimulating hormone ≥ 3 is diagnostic, and estrone levels often exceed estradiol levels. Androgen levels are high, progesterone levels are low, luteinizing hormone and estradiol do not peak before normal ovulation, and prolactin is also increased in about 30% of patients.

2. Gynecological examination

About 67% of patients can palpate one or both ovaries.

3. Ovarian biopsy

The capsule was found to be 2 to 5 times thicker than normal, with uneven thickness. There were follicles of varying degrees under the cortex, with a diameter of about 2 to 6 mm, and a few could reach or even exceed 100 mm. The follicular membrane cells were hyperplastic and luteinized, with a lack of or occasional corpora lutea or corpora albicans.

4. B-ultrasound

The bilateral ovaries are larger than 1/4 of the normal uterus and contain multiple cystic follicles; ovarian puncture under B-ultrasound is the acute stage of oophoritis.

5. Laparoscopy

The ovarian cyst capsule is thickened and pearly in color, about 73% of the surface is uneven, about 80% of the ovaries are enlarged, multiple follicles are scattered under the ovarian capsule, about 71% of the ovaries have a slightly protruding surface, and about 64% of the ovaries have enlarged surface blood vessels.