Sitting for a long time and not moving enough will make you gain 3 pounds. Here are 4 magic tricks to fight obesity! Weight loss doctor: Accurate weight loss to prevent weight regain, are you following along?

Many people stayed at home during the epidemic prevention period and complained that they were sitting for a long time and doing little exercise, just like during the Chinese New Year, "gaining 3 pounds during every holiday season"! We need to lose weight quickly and effectively to avoid causing another disaster during the epidemic. A weight loss doctor said that before losing weight, you must first understand what type of obesity you have, including stress-type obesity, constipation-type obesity, menopausal obesity, etc. A correct diagnosis is needed to lose weight successfully. In particular, precision medicine can now be used to assist in weight loss and prevent weight regain.

According to the latest statistics from the Ministry of Health and Welfare, the overall overweight and obese population rate in Taiwan has continued to rise in recent years. Currently, not only is 1 in 2 men, 1 in 3 women, and 1 in 4 children overweight or obese, but Taiwan has also been crowned Asia's "fattest country" for many years. In particular, during the epidemic prevention period in the past two years, many people were quarantined at home or worked from home, and they obviously did not get enough exercise. Coupled with unbalanced diets and irregular work and rest schedules, many people's weight soared. She said, "I need to lose weight quickly!"

Weight loss doctor: Obesity is divided into 26 types, first diagnose which type you are

Liu Bowen, executive director of the Taiwan Obesity Prevention and Treatment Education Association and a weight loss specialist, pointed out that before losing weight, you must first correctly diagnose what type of obesity you have, and then treat it according to the type (cause) of obesity in order to achieve twice the result with half the effort. The following can be roughly summarized into 26 types of obesity, including: starchy obesity, metabolic disorder obesity, big appetite obesity, stress obesity, genetic obesity, menopausal obesity, hormonal imbalance obesity, drug obesity, edema obesity, constipation obesity, jet lag obesity, seasonal obesity, day and night reversal obesity, re-weight obesity, senile obesity, drug-resistant obesity, multiple medication obesity, postpartum obesity, rare disease obesity, post-organ transplant obesity, electrolyte imbalance obesity, trace element imbalance obesity, post-gastric bypass surgery obesity, air pollution obesity, environmental pollution obesity (plasticizers, etc.), post-traumatic stress syndrome obesity, etc.

Before weight loss treatment, an assessment process is required

When patients visit a weight loss clinic, they need to undergo the following assessment procedures before undergoing weight loss treatment. Only a correct diagnosis can guarantee successful treatment:

1. Blood biochemical examination, including GOT, GPT, Liver function, Renal function, Blood Routine, Urine Routine.

2. Abdominal ultrasound examination.

3. Electrocardiogram or auscultation examination.

4. Determination of body fat percentage.

5. Genetic testing.

Although there are drugs that can treat weight loss, the current weight loss prescriptions and models cannot meet the needs of all patients with obesity due to different causes. The reasons include the following:

Obesity is caused by multiple factors and multiple mechanisms. Many environments, living habits and even living environments are closely related to the causes of obesity. In addition, sugar molecules, the culprit of obesity, have many side-chain (by-pass) pathways in the human body, and the mechanism of many drugs can only block a single pathway, but cannot block other metabolic pathways of the body. Many drugs currently on the market have indications for use in obesity, but they cannot meet the needs of patients with obesity from different causes.

Although there are drugs that can treat weight loss, the current weight loss prescriptions and models cannot meet the needs of all obese patients with different causes. The reasons include the following: Obesity is caused by multiple factors and multiple mechanisms.

Previous studies have suggested that heritability may contribute up to 70% to the development of obesity, and several genes have been identified as key players that regulate food intake, nutritional preferences, energy expenditure, leptin sensitivity, and other biological aspects that may contribute to obesity risk. There are also several genetic syndromes associated with obesity, including:

(1) Monogenic obesity: described as severe early-onset obesity, mainly the result of mutations in the hypothalamus/leptin/melanocortin axis genes, leading to changes in the development of satiety.

(2) Polygenic obesity: also known as common obesity, is a condition in which multiple polymorphic genes associated with obesity interact with each other, and their effects on obesity may be amplified by environmental factors, such as poor diet, lack of physical activity, and excessive stress.

(3) Syndromic obesity: classified as severe obesity associated with other phenotypes and other organ abnormalities, such as Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS).

(4) Oligogenic obesity: These syndromes are characterized by varying severity, partly dependent on environmental factors, and lack a specific phenotype; for example, melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R)-related obesity; however, these syndromes are rare compared to the most common form of obesity, polygenic obesity.

Therefore, precision medicine currently plays an important role in weight loss and is a key factor in preventing weight regain. Dr. Liu Boen said that precision treatments for obesity include: gene therapy, GLP-1 therapy, chip implantation for weight loss, and A3 smart weight loss, some of which are still under research. The following introduces their respective characteristics:

【3 new focuses of precision medicine】

Gene therapy

There are currently several clinical research reports related to gene therapy:

1. Recombinant adenovirus (Ad):

The receptor gene transfer method involving recombinant adenovirus (Ad) uses a single injection of recombinant related virus (AAV) in animal experiments to carry the receptor gene to normal rats fed a high-fat diet. The central receptor produced by the rats can have long-term positive effects on maintaining body weight and improving systemic metabolism.

2. OB gene

Located on chromosome 7, it exists as a single copy in the genome and contains 3 exons. The OB gene only works in adipose tissue. Its encoded product, leptin, is a secretory protein consisting of 167 amino acid residues.

3.POMC gene

Located on chromosome 2, its protein is a pre-prohormone. This protein is broken down into adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH) by the action of proconvertin 1, the latter of which binds to the melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R) in the hypothalamus.

4. PC1 gene

Located on chromosome 5, its product is a protease containing 753 residues, located in neuroendocrine tissue, belonging to the serine protease family, and its function is to convert prohormones into hormones, so it is called prohormone convertase.

5. MC4R gene

Located on chromosome 18, mainly in the hypothalamic neurons, it is the terminal gene in the appetite regulation pathway of leptin. α-MSH derived from pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) binds to its receptor MC4R in the hypothalamus to produce physiological responses, such as regulating appetite.

Dr. Liu Bowen said that precision treatment of obesity is still under continuous research and development and is very worth looking forward to.

GLP-1 therapy

Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) is an endogenous glycopeptide whose physiological function is to maintain postprandial glucose stability and regulate appetite. Among the subjects, some were obese patients with normal glucose tolerance, and they were also able to maintain stable blood sugar levels after meals. Currently, commercialized drugs are on the market. However, it may not be effective for obesity caused by age factors or hormonal imbalances such as POC Syndrom in gynecology. It is not an indication for the treatment of morbid obesity caused by central nervous system diseases.

Microchip implant weight loss method

The chip implanted in the arm releases diet drug to control appetite method is based on the principle of using AI technology to develop a different gene that can produce specific proteins and reactions to construct an implantable chip, which is then placed in physiological cells and implanted into mice. The chip carries a lipid sensor (LSR) combined with the clinical drug anorexic peptide hormone Pramlintide. The research results found that obese mice implanted with the chip ate less and lost significant weight.

Dr. Liu Bowen said that precision treatment of obesity is still under continuous research and development and is very worth looking forward to. However, the only way to prevent obesity is to rely on a balanced diet, especially not eating too fast or too much, and to maintain exercise, in order to lose weight effectively and successfully. Currently, there is a kind of "abdominal breathing detection" that can assist "eating detection", that is, 20 minutes after starting to eat, the brain will send a message that "you are too full". This "satiety detection technology" can remind users to make dietary adjustments to avoid eating too fast or eating too much.

【4 tips for losing weight】

1. No dietary disorders:

When losing weight, you should be careful not to have eating disorders, which are the main cause of obesity. Some people have a very good appetite and want to have snacks after finishing their main meal. Some people have a huge appetite and their stomach is like a bottomless pit. Whether it is appetite or food intake, it is actually related to the hormones in the stomach and intestines. These hormones send signals to the brain, which causes feelings of hunger or fullness. CCK (cholecystokinin) is one of them. It is a gastrointestinal hormone that suppresses appetite. CCK will begin to be secreted from the duodenum about 10 to 30 minutes after starting a meal, sending a message of satiety to the brain. Avoiding eating disorders can also prevent hormonal imbalances that regulate appetite and lead to obesity.

2. Avoid eating too fast:

You should slow down when eating. The average meal time is about 20 to 30 minutes. Chewing slowly allows leptin to be secreted at this time, which can naturally suppress appetite and give you a sense of fullness.

3. Avoid eating too much:

There are some tips to control your appetite and avoid eating too much. For example, using smaller plates and bowls is a good way to regulate your appetite. In addition, you should drink enough water to avoid feeling hungry more easily when you are dehydrated.

4. Aerobic + anaerobic exercise:

It is recommended to maintain aerobic exercise and anaerobic exercise indoors. For aerobic exercise, it is recommended to do physical activities for 10 minutes every hour, such as tiptoeing, tightening the abdomen and then taking deep breaths. As for anaerobic exercise, it is recommended to do squats once in the morning, noon and evening.