What are the clinical characteristics of functional uterine bleeding?

What are the characteristics of the clinical symptoms of functional uterine bleeding? Functional uterine bleeding is a common gynecological disease and one of the causes of female infertility. Many women in life are not familiar with the symptoms of the disease, which delays treatment and makes the condition more serious. Let's take a look at the characteristics of the clinical symptoms of functional uterine bleeding.

Clinical characteristics of anovulatory functional uterine bleeding

Because there is no ovulation, there is no corpus luteum formation and no progesterone secretion in the body. Estrogen levels increase and decrease with the development and atrophy of follicles. When estrogen levels continue to increase, the endometrium continues to proliferate, and no bleeding occurs at this time. However, when estrogen levels in the body suddenly drop, withdrawal bleeding may occur. Clinical manifestations may include bleeding after a period of amenorrhea. Bleeding may also be irregular, with varying amounts, duration, and intervals. Some women only experience increased menstrual flow and prolonged menstrual periods.

Heavy bleeding may cause severe anemia. Due to estrogen stimulation, the uterus may be slightly larger, softer, the cervix may be loose, and the cervical mucus may be transparent and abundant, with varying degrees of fern-like crystals or atypical crystals. The basal body temperature is monophasic. Endometrial biopsy is mostly simple or cystic hyperplasia, with occasional adenomatous or atypical hyperplasia. Sometimes it may also be atrophic. Progesterone measurement remains at the basal level of the proliferation phase.

Clinical features of ovulatory functional uterine bleeding

The corpus luteum may shrink prematurely due to insufficient estrogen secretion before ovulation. When the corpus luteum is incompletely developed, the secretion function is poor, resulting in insufficient progesterone secretion. Clinical manifestations are regular menstrual cycles, but the cycle is shortened, or there is a small amount of bleeding a few days before menstruation, and the amount of menstrual blood may not change. Premenstrual endometrial biopsy can show poor or uneven glandular secretion. Interstitial edema is not obvious. The basal body temperature is biphasic, but it rises slowly, and the luteal phase is shorter than normal, generally about 10 days. Due to insufficient gestational period, infertility or early miscarriage often occurs.

The corpus luteum is usually well developed, but its function may last too long because the corpus luteum fails to shrink in time. The amount of progesterone secreted is insufficient, but the secretion time is prolonged. At this time, the endometrium sheds irregularly, the bleeding time is prolonged, and the amount of menstrual blood increases, but the menstrual interval is still normal. The amount of blood is high on the 2nd and 3rd days of the menstrual period, and it can last for more than ten days afterwards. If the endometrium is taken on the 5th and 6th days of the menstrual period, there is still a secretion reaction, which can be one of the diagnostic bases. The basal body temperature is biphasic, often rising slowly after ovulation, the rise is low, and the rise is not maintained for a long time, and then slowly decreases.

During the bleeding period, you should pay attention to keeping warm, keep the vulva clean and hygienic, do a good job of family planning, take effective birth control measures, and have fewer or no artificial abortions. The treatment cannot simply stop the bleeding, because even if the bleeding is temporarily stopped, it will recur later. Therefore, the treatment should focus on adjusting the cycle and promoting ovulation, so that the menstrual period of adolescent and childbearing women can be normal, and the menopausal functional uterine bleeding can be converted into normal amenorrhea.