What are the causes of spontaneous abortion?

Spontaneous abortion usually occurs in early pregnancy. In most cases, the fetus has already stopped growing before spontaneous abortion occurs. The main cause of spontaneous abortion is mostly related to the quality of the embryo itself, and may also be related to the low hormone level in the mother's body. What are the causes of spontaneous abortion? Let us learn about the eight major causes of spontaneous abortion.

Eight major causes of spontaneous abortion:

1. Placental maldevelopment: The fetus grows and develops in the mother's body, and the mother's nutrients and oxygen are mainly transported to the fetus through the placenta. If the placenta is maldeveloped or diseased, the fetus will not get nutrients and oxygen and will stop growing, causing miscarriage.

2. Incompatibility of blood types between mother and child: If the pregnant woman has received blood transfusions in the past, or if coagulant factors that are incompatible with her blood type are produced during pregnancy, the fetus's cells will agglutinate and hemolyze, thus causing miscarriage.

3. Reproductive organ diseases: Uterine malformations such as bicornuate uterus, septate uterus, and uterine hypoplasia. Pelvic tumors, especially submucosal myomas, can affect the growth and development of the fetus and lead to miscarriage. Uterine internal os relaxation or deep cervical lacerations can cause premature rupture of membranes and late miscarriage.

4. Endocrine dysfunction: The fertilized egg can implant on the uterine wall and grow into a fetus only under the action of progesterone. When the body secretes insufficient progesterone, the uterine decidua will be underdeveloped, thus affecting the development of the fertilized egg and easily causing miscarriage. If prostaglandins increase, it will cause frequent contractions of the uterine muscles, which can also lead to miscarriage. Reduced thyroid function can cause cell oxidation capacity disorders, thereby affecting the growth and development of the embryo and causing miscarriage.

5. Incomplete embryonic development: Abnormal fertilized eggs are the main cause of early miscarriage. About 80% of miscarriages in the first two months of pregnancy are due to some defects in sperm and eggs, which cause the embryo to develop to a certain extent and then terminate. Therefore, the original embryonic tissue cannot be found in the discharge of this type of miscarriage.

6. Systemic diseases: pregnant women suffer from acute infectious diseases such as influenza, typhoid fever, pneumonia, etc., bacterial toxins or viruses enter the fetus through the placenta, causing fetal poisoning and death. High fever can promote uterine contraction and cause miscarriage. Pregnant women with chronic diseases such as severe anemia, heart failure, chronic nephritis and hypertension may cause fetal disability and miscarriage due to placental infarction and intrauterine hypoxia. Malnutrition of pregnant women, especially vitamin deficiency, as well as mercury, lead and alcohol poisoning can all cause miscarriage.

7. Sudden changes in emotions: Pregnant women’s emotions are severely stimulated, and excessive sadness, shock, fear, and excessive emotional excitement can cause environmental imbalance in the pregnant woman’s body, prompting uterine contractions and causing miscarriage.

8. Trauma: The abdomen of a pregnant woman is hit or squeezed by external force, or she falls or participates in heavy physical labor or strenuous sports; abdominal surgery such as appendicitis or ovarian cyst surgery can cause uterine contraction and miscarriage.

The above is an introduction to the eight major causes of spontaneous abortion. I hope it will be helpful to you.