What are the factors that can induce primary dysmenorrhea?

Primary dysmenorrhea refers to periodic menstrual pain symptoms in women without other organic diseases. It often occurs after menstruation and causes great distress to women. The cause of the disease is mainly closely related to the following three substances.

1. Prostaglandins

According to research, the pathogenesis of dysmenorrhea is closely related to the activity of prostaglandins. The level of prostaglandins in patients with dysmenorrhea is much higher than that in women without dysmenorrhea. If the body's prostaglandin release function is abnormal, it will cause an abnormal increase in the level of prostaglandins in the endometrium and blood during the secretory phase, thereby inducing uterine muscle contraction and producing spasmodic pain.

2. Oxytocin

Under normal circumstances, oxytocin is a strong uterine contraction agent that is widely used clinically. It activates phospholipase by coupling with its receptor and guanylate binding protein, and induces an increase in cytoplasmic calcium concentration through the intracellular phosphoinositide signaling system, causing the uterus to contract strongly during labor and facilitating delivery. However, if oxytocin acts on the uterine artery, it may cause temporary uterine ischemia and dysmenorrhea.

3. Leukotrienes

Increased leukotrienes will enhance vascular permeability, promote spasm of vascular smooth muscle, increase estrogen levels in the luteal phase, and stimulate the posterior pituitary to release excessive vasopressin, causing excessive uterine contraction, resulting in the adverse consequence of dysmenorrhea in women.