How to diagnose suspected pelvic inflammatory disease

How should suspected pelvic inflammatory disease be diagnosed?

Pelvic inflammatory disease is an inflammation of the uterine appendages and surrounding tissues. It is divided into acute and chronic pelvic inflammatory disease according to different clinical courses. Chronic pelvic inflammatory disease is mostly caused by incomplete treatment of acute pelvic inflammatory disease. Pelvic inflammatory disease is often accompanied by lower abdominal pain, lumbar pain, back pain, lower abdominal pain, or accompanied by increased leucorrhea, menstrual disorders, heavy menstrual bleeding, dysmenorrhea, sexual discomfort and other symptoms.

The diagnosis of suspected pelvic inflammatory disease can only be confirmed based on relevant examination results reports, so that the results are more credible and avoid causing women to worry all day long.

The tests that need to be done for patients diagnosed with pelvic inflammatory disease include:

1. Direct smear examination of secretions

The sample can be vaginal, cervical, or urethral secretions, or peritoneal fluid, and a direct thin-layer smear is made, which is then dried and stained with methylene blue or Gram. If Gram-negative diplococci are seen in polymorphonuclear leukocytes, it is gonorrhea infection.

2. Pathogen culture test

The specimens are from the same source as above and should be inoculated on Thayer-Martin medium immediately or within 30 seconds and incubated at 35°C for 48 hours for bacterial identification by glycolysis. A new relatively rapid chlamydial enzyme assay has replaced the traditional chlamydial detection method and can also be performed using mammalian cell culture.

3. Ultrasound examination

It mainly uses B-type or grayscale ultrasound scanning and filming. This technology has an 85% accuracy in identifying masses or abscesses formed by adhesions of the fallopian tubes, ovaries and intestines.

4. Laparoscopy

If it is not diffuse peritonitis and the patient's general condition is good, laparoscopy can be performed on patients with pelvic inflammatory disease or suspected pelvic inflammatory disease and other acute abdominal diseases. Laparoscopy can not only make a clear diagnosis and differential diagnosis, but also make a preliminary judgment on the severity of pelvic inflammatory disease.