What causes pelvic endometriosis and how to prevent it

What causes pelvic endometriosis and how can it be prevented?

The occurrence of endometriosis is also related to the body's immune function, genetic factors and environmental factors. Currently, there are three more credible theories:

1. Implantation theory: As early as 1921, some people believed that pelvic endometriosis was caused by endometrial fragments flowing back with menstrual blood, entering the pelvic cavity through the fallopian tubes, and implanting in the ovaries or other parts of the pelvic cavity. Clinically, menstrual blood can be found in the pelvic cavity during menstrual laparotomy, and endometrium can be found in the menstrual blood. Endometriosis in the abdominal wall scar formed after cesarean section is a good example of the implantation theory.

2. Serosa theory: also known as the chemical theory, it believes that ovarian and pelvic endometriosis are caused by the peritoneal mesothelial cell layer, and the paramesonephric duct is caused by the primitive peritoneal invagination, which is closely related to the ovarian epithelium, pelvic peritoneum, and atretic peritoneal invagination, such as the inguinal peritoneal sheath protruding Nooke's duct, the recto-vaginal septum, and the umbilical cord. The chemical theory is easy to explain, while the implantation theory cannot explain the cause of endometriosis outside the pelvis.

3. Immunological theory: In 1980, Weed reported that there were lymphocytes, plasma cell infiltration, macrophages containing different degrees of siderophore deposition and fibrosis around the ectopic endometrium. They believed that this was caused by the ectopic endometrial lesions as foreign bodies activating the body's immune system. Since then, many scholars have explored the etiology and pathogenesis of the disease from the aspects of cellular immunity and humoral immunity.