Why does hydatidiform mole occur?

Why does hydatidiform mole occur? Speaking of hydatidiform mole, I believe that female friends are familiar with it. It refers to the proliferation of trophoblastic cells of the placenta villi after pregnancy, severe edema of the interstitium, and the formation of blisters of varying sizes. The blisters are connected in clusters and shaped like grapes, also known as vesicular fetal masses. So, why does hydatidiform mole occur? Let's take a look.

1. Nutritional factors: Hydatidiform mole is more common in rice-eating countries, so it is believed to be related to nutrition. Studies have found that the activity of folic acid in the serum of patients with gestational trophoblastic tumor (GTT) is very low. Folic acid deficiency during the period of embryonic angiogenesis will affect thymine synthesis, leading to embryonic death and lack of blood vessels in the placental villi; low consumption of carotene in the diet increases the risk of hydatidiform mole; the incidence of hydatidiform mole in areas deficient in vitamin A increases; the content of trace elements Zn and Se in hydatidiform mole tissue decreases.

2. Infectious factors: Many authors believe that hydatidiform mole is related to viral infection, but no real evidence has been found so far.

3. Endocrine disorders: It is believed that the occurrence of hydatidiform mole is related to the incomplete or declining ovarian function, so it is more common in women under 20 and over 40. Animal experiments have shown that removing the ovaries in early pregnancy can cause vesicular changes in the placenta, so it is believed that estrogen deficiency may be the cause of hydatidiform mole.

4. Defective fertilized egg: may be related to abnormal development of the egg itself.

5. Racial factors: The difference in the incidence of hydatidiform mole between different races has been noted. It has been reported that the incidence of hydatidiform mole in black women in the United States is only half that of other women. In Singapore, the incidence of hydatidiform mole in Eurasians is twice as high as that in Chinese, Indians, and Malaysians.

6. Overexpression of oncogenes and mutation and inactivation of tumor suppressor genes: Oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes are genes that control cell growth and differentiation. The activation and overexpression of oncogenes and the mutation and inactivation of tumor suppressor genes are related to the occurrence of tumors.

Warm reminder: Contraception should be performed for one year after hydatidiform mole curettage, at least six months, to avoid the difficulty in distinguishing between another pregnancy and a malignant transformation of hydatidiform mole. Be sure to consider pregnancy only after the body has fully recovered. It is recommended that both husband and wife should undergo a comprehensive examination before planning a pregnancy.