What are the characteristics of hydatidiform mole?

What are the characteristics of hydatidiform mole? Hydatidiform mole is a proliferative disease of placental chorionic trophoblasts. It can be divided into complete hydatidiform mole and incomplete hydatidiform mole. It is very harmful to pregnant women, so we must detect and treat it early. The following is an introduction to the characteristics of hydatidiform mole.

1. Vaginal bleeding after menopause

Most patients experience irregular vaginal bleeding 2 to 4 months after amenorrhea, which is light at first and easily misdiagnosed as threatened abortion. Then it gradually increases and often recurs with heavy bleeding, sometimes with spontaneous discharge of blister-like tissue, which can lead to shock or even death.

2. Abdominal pain

When the molar pregnancy grows rapidly and the uterus expands rapidly, it can cause lower abdominal distension and pain. When the molar pregnancy is about to be expelled, there will be paroxysmal pain in the lower abdomen due to uterine contractions.

(1) Abnormal enlargement and softening of the uterus: Due to villous edema and intrauterine blood accumulation, the uterus of most patients with hydatidiform mole is larger than the normal uterus of the corresponding month of pregnancy and is softer in texture. The uterus size of 1/3 patients is consistent with the month of amenorrhea. Only a few patients have a uterus smaller than the month of amenorrhea, which may be due to the degeneration and cessation of development of the vesicles.

(2) Pregnancy vomiting and signs of pregnancy-induced hypertension: Since the proliferating trophoblastic cells produce a large amount of HCG, vomiting is often more severe than in normal pregnancy. In addition, since the uterus of patients with hydatidiform mole grows rapidly and the tension in the uterus is high, pregnancy-induced hypertension syndrome may occur in the middle and early stages of pregnancy, and even acute heart failure or eclampsia may occur.

(3) Ovarian lutein cyst: Due to the stimulation of a large amount of HCG, patients with hydatidiform mole often have multiple cysts on both or one ovary. Generally, there are no symptoms, but acute torsion may cause acute abdominal pain. After the hydatidiform mole is removed, the lutein cyst may disappear on its own. The lutein cyst can store a large amount of HCG, so after the hydatidiform mole is expelled and combined with a huge lutein cyst, the HCG in the blood and urine disappears more slowly than that of ordinary patients.

(4) Hyperthyroidism: A small number of patients with hydatidiform mole develop mild hyperthyroidism with elevated plasma thyroxine concentrations, but only about 2% develop obvious signs of hyperthyroidism. Symptoms disappear rapidly after the hydatidiform mole is cleared.

Once a hydatidiform mole is diagnosed, it should be removed immediately. When removing a hydatidiform mole, care should be taken to prevent excessive bleeding, uterine perforation and infection, and the chance of malignant transformation should be reduced as much as possible. Because the uterus of a hydatidiform mole is large and soft, uterine perforation is prone to occur, so aspiration is used instead of curettage.