What are the causes of secondary dysmenorrhea?

Dysmenorrhea is just a symptom. Many diseases can cause patients to experience and develop dysmenorrhea. Understanding these causes can help patients discover the real culprit behind dysmenorrhea in a timely manner to avoid delaying disease treatment.

1. Uterine fibroids

Although the main symptom of uterine fibroids is not dysmenorrhea, when patients experience dysmenorrhea, it may also be caused by uterine fibroids, especially in women approaching menopause. This is mainly because submucosal fibroids can stimulate uterine contractions during menstruation and cause spasmodic pain.

2. Intrauterine device

Dysmenorrhea can also be seen in women who have an intrauterine contraceptive device. The increase in prostaglandins produced by the endometrium can cause dysmenorrhea. In addition, stimulation from the contraceptive device or improper placement can also cause rejection contractions of the uterine muscles, leading to spasmodic pain in the lower abdomen. Patients often have discomfort in the lower abdomen or lumbosacral region, and aggravated menstrual symptoms.

3. Reproductive tract malformations

Congenital genital tract malformations can lead to dysmenorrhea in women, which is common in teenage girls and manifests as dysmenorrhea caused by blood accumulation in the uterine cavity.

4. Pelvic venous congestion syndrome

It is a disease of the female internal reproductive organs caused by chronic pelvic venous congestion, with the main symptoms of pelvic distension, lower abdominal and lumbar pain, often accompanied by increased menstruation, leucorrhea and dysmenorrhea. The symptoms are often aggravated by fatigue, prolonged standing or constipation; some patients also have breast tenderness and bladder and rectal irritation symptoms.