How to distinguish benign from malignant ovarian cysts

To diagnose ovarian cysts, it is necessary to clearly distinguish whether they are malignant or benign. The following examinations are mainly used to detect whether there are tumor markers.

1. Ultrasound examination

Ultrasound examination is a relatively simple and effective diagnostic method. If the cyst is benign, unilateral cystic tissue can be clearly seen under ultrasound. If the cyst is malignant, the boundary of the local lesion is generally unclear under ultrasound, and there are often separations and ascites. In addition, ultrasound examination can also detect the location, size, shape and nature of the mass, which can not only indicate the cystic or solid nature of the tumor, but also distinguish the benign or malignant nature of the cyst, laying a good foundation for the subsequent treatment plan. It is an important reference indicator.

2. Radiological examination

Radiological examinations mainly include four diagnostic items: abdominal plain film, intravenous pyelography, barium swallow radiography and lymph node examination, which can preliminarily distinguish between benign and malignant cysts, and determine whether the cysts have metastasized to the liver, lungs or retroperitoneal lymph nodes. They can fully predict the development of the disease and provide a strong basis for subsequent treatment.

3. Laparoscopy

Laparoscopic examination can directly see the general condition of the tumor, and can clearly observe the entire pelvic and abdominal cavity, perform multiple biopsies at suspicious sites, and absorb peritoneal fluid for cytological testing to clearly diagnose whether the cyst is benign or malignant, which can provide certain guidance for subsequent treatment.