Characteristics of menopausal functional uterine bleeding

Menopausal functional uterine bleeding refers to irregular vaginal bleeding in menopausal women due to the gradual degeneration of ovarian function, which cannot produce mature follicles and ovulate, thus losing the normal cyclical changes of female hormones.

After women enter menopause, their ovarian function begins to decline, the hormone level of the ovaries decreases, and the feedback function to the hypothalamus and pituitary gland is lost, causing the gonadotropin secreted by the pituitary gland to increase to varying degrees. Although the remaining follicles in the ovaries also develop, they do not ovulate. Under the long-term effect of estrogen, the endometrial glands show a continuous hyperplasia reaction, which can cause mild hyperplasia, adenocystic hyperplasia, or adenomatous hyperplasia. When the estrogen level fluctuates greatly, the endometrium will shed incompletely, causing irregular uterine bleeding.

Postmenopausal bleeding is the most common symptom of menopausal functional uterine bleeding. It refers to vaginal bleeding that occurs one year after the cessation of menstruation. It is a symptom caused by non-organic, benign or malignant lesions of the internal reproductive organs. The cause of postmenopausal bleeding should be sought in patients.

With the development of medical science and the popularization of medical knowledge, people have become more vigilant about postmenopausal bleeding, and the proportion of postmenopausal bleeding caused by malignant lesions has gradually decreased, with foreign reports showing less than 10%. Currently, postmenopausal bleeding found to be mainly caused by non-organic lesions, followed by benign lesions.