Causes of Dysmenorrhea

Dysmenorrhea refers to pain in the lower abdomen or waist, or even pain in the lumbar spine, during and before and after menstruation. It occurs every time during the menstrual cycle. In severe cases, it may be accompanied by nausea and vomiting, cold sweats, cold hands and feet, and even fainting, which affects work and life. Let's learn about the causes of dysmenorrhea.

Primary dysmenorrhea

The cause of dysmenorrhea is not yet fully understood. It refers to dysmenorrhea that occurs shortly after menarche, and is sometimes closely related to psychological factors. Dysmenorrhea may also be caused by spasmodic contraction of uterine muscles, leading to uterine ischemia. It is more common in cases of uterine hypoplasia, stenosis of the cervical opening or cervical canal, and excessive uterine curvature, which make menstrual blood flow poorly and cause menstrual blood retention, thereby stimulating uterine contraction and causing dysmenorrhea. In some cases, during menstruation, the endometrium falls off in flakes, and the uterus contracts strongly before discharge, causing pain. The symptoms are relieved after discharge, which is called membranous dysmenorrhea. Primary dysmenorrhea can usually be relieved after childbirth.

Secondary dysmenorrhea

It is more common in women after childbirth and in middle age, and is caused by pelvic inflammation, tumors or endometriosis. Endometriosis is the growth of endometrial tissue outside the uterine cavity, such as the myometrium, ovaries or other parts of the pelvic cavity. It also has periodic changes and bleeding. During menstruation, the blood cannot flow out, causing pain, and due to adhesions with surrounding tissues and organs, dysmenorrhea gradually worsens. Internal examination can find that the uterus is enlarged and hard, with poor activity, or hard irregular nodules or masses are found in the rectouterine pouch, which are obviously tender.

Causes of Dysmenorrhea

The phenomenon of severe lower abdominal pain during menstruation and disappearing naturally after menstruation is called dysmenorrhea. Most dysmenorrhea occurs during menstruation, and some people experience it a few days before menstruation. Abdominal pain worsens after menstruation, and everything is normal after menstruation. The characteristics of abdominal pain are closely related to menstruation. Abdominal pain does not occur without menstruation. Therefore, abdominal pain that is not related to menstruation is not dysmenorrhea. Dysmenorrhea can be divided into primary dysmenorrhea and secondary dysmenorrhea. Primary dysmenorrhea refers to abdominal pain that occurs from the beginning of menstruation, while secondary dysmenorrhea refers to abdominal pain during menstruation that occurs after several years or more than ten years of menstruation. The causes of the two dysmenorrhea are different. The causes of primary dysmenorrhea are narrow uterine cervix, uterine hypoplasia, or large pieces of endometrium in menstrual blood. The latter is called membranous dysmenorrhea. Sometimes blood clots in menstrual blood can also cause lower abdominal pain. The causes of secondary dysmenorrhea are mostly caused by diseases, such as endometriosis, pelvic inflammatory disease, pelvic congestion, etc. In recent years, it has been found that when the endometrium synthesizes more prostaglandins, it can also cause dysmenorrhea. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct an examination to determine the cause of dysmenorrhea and then treat the cause.

Causes of dysmenorrhea in girls

1: Dysmenorrhea in young girls is mainly caused by prostaglandins secreted by the endometrium. Although it can cause the contraction of uterine muscles and blood vessels to help discharge menstrual blood, if the secretion is too much, it will cause strong spasmodic contraction of uterine muscle fibers, thereby causing pain.

2. Whole piece shedding of endometrium and stenosis of cervix: If the endometrium does not break into pieces but shedding in one piece during menstruation, it is difficult to discharge; or the cervix is ​​narrow and the uterus is overly curved, so that menstrual blood cannot flow out smoothly, the uterus may contract or spasm and cause pain. In addition, excessive mental tension, great mood swings, physical weakness and lack of exercise during menstruation, and being very sensitive to pain and having poor tolerance can all lead to dysmenorrhea.

3. Endocrine disorders: In fact, endocrine disorders in women can cause discomfort in the body and lead to many diseases, such as irregular menstruation, dysmenorrhea in girls, abnormal leucorrhea, functional uterine bleeding, etc. When the above conditions occur, it is recommended to check in time!

4. Mental tension: Some girls lack physiological knowledge and feel irritable, anxious, nervous and fearful when menstruation comes, so they are more sensitive to pain than ordinary people. Even a slight discomfort will cause pain, and the more nervous they are, the more pain they feel. This kind of pain is mainly caused or aggravated by psychological effects.

5. Cold uterus: In fact, cold uterus can cause uncomfortable changes in the body and many gynecological diseases, such as irregular menstruation, dysmenorrhea, abnormal leucorrhea, and even infertility in severe cases. When the above situation occurs, it is recommended to check and treat it in time.

Causes of dysmenorrhea in young women

Most young women suffer from dysmenorrhea, which is primary dysmenorrhea. Patients with primary dysmenorrhea generally have no organic lesions. The condition will be relieved when women get married or have children. If the dysmenorrhea does not improve after marriage but worsens, it means that it is not primary dysmenorrhea, but should be caused by other reasons. Some congenital factors of the uterus can also cause dysmenorrhea.

a. Cervical stenosis: mainly due to obstruction of menstrual outflow, causing dysmenorrhea;

b. Uterine hypoplasia: Poor uterine development is prone to abnormal blood supply, causing uterine ischemia and hypoxia, leading to dysmenorrhea;

c. Abnormal uterine position: If a woman's uterus is extremely retroflexed or anteflexed, it may affect the smooth flow of menstrual blood and cause dysmenorrhea.

Causes of dysmenorrhea in middle-aged women

If a woman is middle-aged or has no history of dysmenorrhea but then develops dysmenorrhea, it is generally considered to be secondary dysmenorrhea. Secondary dysmenorrhea is different from primary dysmenorrhea. Secondary dysmenorrhea is mostly caused by certain gynecological diseases. Gynecological diseases that cause dysmenorrhea mainly include uterine fibroids, pelvic inflammatory disease, adnexitis, endometritis, etc.

Common factors causing dysmenorrhea:

(1) Cervical stenosis is mainly caused by obstruction of menstrual outflow, which causes dysmenorrhea.

(2) Uterine hypoplasia Poor uterine development is prone to abnormal blood supply, causing uterine ischemia and hypoxia, leading to dysmenorrhea.

(3) Abnormal uterine position: If a woman’s uterus is extremely retroflexed or anteflexed, it may affect the smooth flow of menstrual blood and cause dysmenorrhea.

(4) Psychological and neurological factors: Some women are overly sensitive to pain.

(5) Genetic factors: Dysmenorrhea in daughters is related to dysmenorrhea in mothers.

(6) Endocrine factors: Abdominal pain during menstruation is related to increased progesterone in the luteal phase.

(7) The level of prostaglandins (PG) in the endometrium and menstrual blood increases. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) acts on uterine muscle fibers to cause them to contract and cause dysmenorrhea. The level of prostaglandins in the endometrial tissue of menstrual patients is significantly higher than that of normal women.

(8) Excessive uterine contraction. Although the uterine contraction pressure of patients with dysmenorrhea is basically the same as that of normal women (normal pressure is about 4.9Kpa), the uterine contraction lasts longer and is often difficult to completely relax, so dysmenorrhea occurs due to excessive uterine contraction.

(9) Abnormal uterine contractions. Patients with dysmenorrhea often experience abnormal uterine contractions, which often lead to ischemia of the uterine smooth muscle. Uterine muscle ischemia can cause spasmodic contractions of the uterine muscle, resulting in pain and dysmenorrhea.

(10) Gynecological diseases such as endometriosis, pelvic inflammatory disease, adenomyosis, uterine fibroids, etc. The placement of an intrauterine device (commonly known as an IUD) in the uterus can also easily cause dysmenorrhea.

(11) Dysmenorrhea is caused by psychological stress, long periods of sitting that lead to poor blood circulation, poor menstrual blood flow, and a preference for cold foods.

(12) Strenuous exercise during menstruation, exposure to wind, cold, dampness, etc. can easily cause dysmenorrhea.

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