What is the cause of functional uterine bleeding and how to treat it

Dysfunctional uterine bleeding is abnormal uterine bleeding caused by endocrine disorders, which is common in adolescent and menopausal women. Treatment should be based on the cause and symptoms, including medication, surgery, or lifestyle adjustments.

1. Endocrine disorders

The main cause of functional uterine bleeding is endocrine disorders, especially imbalances in estrogen and progesterone levels. Adolescent women are prone to ovulation disorders because the hypothalamus-pituitary-ovarian axis is not fully mature; menopausal women have ovarian dysfunction and large fluctuations in hormone levels. These conditions can cause abnormal proliferation or shedding of the endometrium, leading to irregular bleeding.

2. Environmental and psychological factors

Environmental factors such as long-term stress, mood swings, and irregular work and rest schedules may aggravate endocrine disorders. Psychological stress can affect the function of the hypothalamus, thereby interfering with hormone secretion. Excessive dieting or obesity may also indirectly cause hormone disorders by affecting metabolism.

3. Pathological factors

Certain diseases such as polycystic ovary syndrome, thyroid dysfunction, diabetes, etc. may also cause functional uterine bleeding. These diseases can directly or indirectly affect hormone levels and lead to endometrial abnormalities.

Treatment:

1. Drug treatment

Oral contraceptives: regulate hormone levels and control bleeding.

Progestin drugs: promote the shedding of endometrium and reduce abnormal proliferation.

Hemostatic drugs: such as tranexamic acid, used in acute bleeding periods.

2. Surgical treatment

Endometrial ablation: Suitable for women who do not respond to medical treatment and do not want to have children.

Uterine artery embolization: for emergency treatment of severe bleeding.

Hysterectomy: As a last resort, it is suitable for patients with recurrent bleeding that seriously affects their quality of life.

3. Lifestyle Adjustment

Diet: Increase iron-rich foods such as red meat and spinach to prevent anemia; avoid high-sugar and high-fat diets.

Exercise: Moderate aerobic exercise such as yoga and jogging can help regulate endocrine.

Psychological adjustment: Relieve stress and improve mood through meditation, psychological counseling, etc.

The treatment of functional uterine bleeding needs to be combined with the cause and individual situation. It is recommended to choose the appropriate plan under the guidance of a doctor. Through medication, surgery and lifestyle adjustments, most patients can effectively control symptoms and return to normal life.