What are the good methods for diagnosing cervical warts?

Many hospitals are similar in diagnosing cervical warts, but many informal hospitals generally make judgments based on symptom observations. In fact, this method is not scientific. Therefore, it is best to go to a formal hospital for the diagnosis of this disease to avoid misdiagnosis and wrong diagnosis. How to diagnose cervical warts?

1. Genetic diagnosis: HPV is difficult to detect using traditional virus culture and serological techniques, and the main experimental diagnostic technology is nucleic acid hybridization. The PCR method developed in recent years has the advantages of specificity, sensitivity, simplicity, and rapidity, opening up a new way for HPV detection.

2. Histochemical diagnosis: Take a small amount of lesion tissue to make a smear and stain it with specific anti-human papillomavirus antibodies. If there is a viral antigen in the lesion, the antigen and antibody will bind. In the peroxidase antiperoxidase (PAP) method, the nucleus can be stained red. This method is highly specific and rapid, which is helpful for diagnosis.

3. Immunohistological diagnosis: The peroxidase antiperoxidase method (PAP) is commonly used to show viral proteins in condylomata, to prove the presence of viral antigens in warts. When HPV protein is positive, a weak red positive reaction may appear in the superficial epithelial cells of cervical condylomata.

4. Acetic acid whitening test: Apply 3-5% acetic acid to the wart for 2-5 minutes. The lesion will turn white and slightly raised. Anal lesions may take 15 minutes. The acetic acid whitening test has a high sensitivity for detecting HPV. It is better than conventional tests for observing histological changes. However, false positives may occur occasionally in cases of epithelial thickening or traumatic abrasions. The false positive whitening signs appear unclear and irregular.

5. Pathological diagnosis: mainly parakeratosis, highly hypertrophic stratum spinosum, papilloma-like hyperplasia, thickening and elongation of epidermal protrusions, and the degree of hyperplasia may resemble pseudoepithelioma. There are a considerable number of nuclear divisions in thorny cells and basal cells, which are quite similar to cancer. However, the cells are arranged regularly, and the boundary between the hyperplastic epithelium and dermis is clear. It is characterized by obvious vacuolation in the cells of the granular layer and the upper part of the thorny layer. This type of vacuolated cell is larger than normal, with light cytoplasm and a large, round, deeply basophilic nucleus in the center. Usually there is dermal edema, capillary dilation, and dense chronic inflammatory infiltration around it.