Characteristics of submucosal uterine fibroids

Uterine fibroids, also known as uterine leiomyoma, are the most common benign tumors of the female genitalia. According to the relationship between the fibroids and the uterine muscle wall, they can be divided into intramural fibroids, subserosal fibroids, and submucosal fibroids. Among them, the manifestations of submucosal uterine fibroids are as follows:

Submucosal uterine fibroids are benign tumors. The cause is still unclear, but it may be related to endocrine disorders caused by long-term high estrogen levels. This disease is more common in middle-aged women. Compared with malignant tumors, submucosal fibroids grow more slowly and will not spread and endanger life.

Submucosal uterine fibroids grow toward the uterine cavity and protrude from the uterine cavity. The surface is covered only by the mucosal layer, accounting for about 10% to 15% of fibroids. They are easy to form pedicles, often causing uterine contractions and being squeezed out of the external os of the uterine cavity and protruding into the vagina. When accompanied by infection, necrosis, bleeding and purulent secretions may occur. When submucosal fibroids occur in the uterine cavity, it is like placing a spherical intrauterine contraceptive device in the uterine cavity, which hinders fertility. The endometrium on the surface of the uterine cavity is ischemic, necrotic, and atrophic, which is not conducive to the implantation of the fertilized egg, thus leading to female infertility. Fibroids grow in the cervix of the uterus. Because of their low growth location, they can be embedded in the pelvic cavity, causing compression symptoms, making surgical removal difficult and easily damaging the ureters and bladder. At the same time, submucosal fibroids, intramural fibroids and subserosal fibroids can coexist in the same uterus, which is called multiple uterine fibroids.